In December 2018, Moderna became a public listed company via the largest biotech initial public offering (IPO) in history, only to slump through 2019.  Moderna which was founded in 2013, was saved by their COVID-19 vaccine in 2020 as they had never produced a single product before. [1, 2] On May 10, 2019 Moderna announced the first human studies of mRNA vaccines said to demonstrate “a new technological approach to flu vaccine development and production”. [3]