Search results for: One Health

The Hippocratic Oath is a time-honoured and widely known treatise on medical ethics and an expression of ideal conduct for the physician. The Oath, is an ancient writing attributed to the “father of medicine” Hippocrates, but if he composed it can neither be affirmed nor denied. [3] Dr Louis Lasagna, a physician at Johns Hopkins University, in 1964 revised the original oath to accommodate the practice of abortions & surgeries that were becoming commonplace. [1, 2] Although it is stated that doctors swear the Hippocratic Oath  which is said to incorparate the phrase “first do no harm”, this is not directly stated and was never part of "The Oath", but is rather found in Hippocrates essay “Of the epidemics“. In Book I, Section II, Second Constitution (5) it reads “with regard to disease…to do good or to do no harm”. According to a 1989 survey, barely half of US medical schools used any form of the Hippocratic Oath and only 2% used the original.  By 2011 a study found various forms used, and have ethical issues missing. Australia:  A Courier Mail article in February 2002 reports on an AMJ article that found only one of 12 medical schools in Australia..> READ MORE

In the 1940's, scientists began to suspect that the molecules responsible for heredity were not proteins, but in fact DNA. [5, 6] King's College London, Molecular Biologist Rosalind Franklin and graduate student Raymond Gosling, around May 6, 1952, took an x-ray diffraction image, photograph 51, of DNA fibre, revealing the “interesting orientation of the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid”.  This image became the “critical piece of evidence leading to the identification of the structure of DNA" as a double helix. [1, 2, 3] Watson and Crick, who began collaborating in 1951, used Franklin's image (passed secretly to them by Wilkins) to develop their 1953 double helix, structural model of DNA from studying Linus Pauling's work [10]. On April 25, 1953 Watson and Crick published  their proposed DNA model in Nature, briefly mentioning Franklin.  [4, 7, 9] In 1955, the enzyme DNA polymerase was isolated.  "In modern molecular biology labs, purified DNA polymerase is used routinely - to copy DNA by PCR (the polymerase chain reaction), for various recombinant DNA techniques, and to run sequencing reactions." [8] In 1962, after Franklin´s death, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their findings about DNA’s molecular structure and explaining..> READ MORE

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organisation, established after World War II with the stated aim of maintaining international peace and security and be a centralised governing agency. April 25, 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on June 25, 1945 and took effect on October 24, 1945, when the UN began operations. The UN has 6 main bodies in which the Secretary-General oversees and implements their recommendations and decisions. The UN Security Council who control the armed Peacekeeping forces has 5 permanent member states who have veto power! There are many “specialised agencies” of the UN, including the World Health Organisation (WHO) which was established in 1948. Though time the UN organisation has morphed from ending wars and maintain world peace into developing agreements and goals that "have dictates regarding the economy, health, poverty, migration, “reproductive “ health, monetary systems, digital IDs, environmental controls, control of agricultural markets, universal living wage worldwide, governmental systems, etc." "The UN has partnerships and strategic agreements with member nations, 100s of non-governmental organizations -like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the World Bank, and the World Economic Forum (WEF). It has developed..> READ MORE