Professor Christopher Exley

Dr Christopher Exley PhD was the Professor in Bioinorganic Chemistry at Keele University, UK, an Honorary Professor at UHI Millennium Institute and the Group Leader of Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory at Keele University. He has devoted his 40 year of his academic life to the study of aluminium which earned him the title of Mr Aluminium (or spelt Aluninum).

I first became aware of Dr Exley in his interview with Del Bigtree on The Highwire in early 2018, I have since watched many of his presentations and read numerous articles, I implore you to do the same to become familiar with this toxic element, Aluminium.

I’ve always thought of Aluminium (Aluminum or Al) as a “heavy metal”, technically it is not, but likely more dangerous for the fact that Dr Exley points out, our bodies don’t know what to do with Al. It is so foreign to the human body that it has no natural pathway for elimination. Until man extracted aluminium from silicon in the 1800’s, there has never been an evolutionary encounter with this element. Aluminium has no know biological benefit, only a toxic, biopersistent effect.

Everyone should get to know aluminium because it is a major ingredient of traditional vaccines that include a non-live antigen.

It was in 1926 when Glenny and Pope et al first demonstrated the high antigenic efficiency of diphtheria toxoid only when combined with potassium alum, this was then said to be “one of the best antigens so far used by them.” Without further testing “alum” has been added to vaccines and in our modern times seems to have simply been grandfathered in as acceptable, believed to be so benign it can be used as a “placebo control” in vaccine trials.

It is… common knowledge and scientific fact that the safety of aluminium adjuvants in humans has NEVER been tested for any vaccine in use today.

[One exception Merck’s Gardasil which showed serious adverse events in the “aluminium containing placebo” vs saline placebo]

Dr Exley

I am content with my decision and I sleep easily knowing that throughout my academic career I sought the truth and spoke the truth. I will continue to do so as a layman through this substack”

Dr Exley 2023

It was only in early 2016 that Dr Exley found out that “There are no clinically-approved (aluminium) adjuvants! There are only clinically-approved vaccines” this is really important because aluminium adjuvants or aluminium-adjuvant vaccines are STILL used as “placebo or controls” in clinical trials. We’ve never tested the safety of the adjuvant. [@2:20]

Official links to Dr Chris Exley’s work”

• Aluminium Research Group: website – HERE, YouTube channel – HERE
• “Dr’s Newsletter” on Substack – HERE
• Publications by Dr Christopher Exley – HERE
• Dr Exley’s exile from Keele University – READ
• Prof Exley page at Keele University incl. bio and publications – ARCHIVE

Links to presentations, articles and interviews in reverse chronological order

This page contains a selection of articles and interviews by Dr Chris Exley, and will be updated from time to time

2024

October 4, 2024 – KLA TV: The Tyranny of Aluminium – Full interview with Dr. Christopher Exley – WATCH

September 24, 2024 – Dr’s Newsletter: Aluminium (Aluminum) Hydroxyphosphate Sulphate and the HPV Vaccine – Evil by any other name – READ

September 3, 2024 – JB Handley Substack: International scientists have found autism’s cause. What will Americans do?- Five clear, replicable, and related discoveries explaining how autism is triggered have formed an undeniably clear picture of autism’s causation. – READ (featuring Dr Exley’s work)

February 2, 2024 – Dr’s Newsletter: Vaccine Advice to Parents – Or why you should avoid all vaccines that include an aluminium adjuvant – READ

January 22, 2024 – Dr’s Newsletter: A Little Help From My…Website – unexpected, thousands of substack subscribers – READ

2023

September 7, 2023 – The Solari Report: Book Review: Imagine You Are an Aluminum Atom: Discussions with Mr. Aluminum by Christopher Exley, PhD, FRSB By Carolyn Betts and Catherine Austin Fitts – READ, CREDIT

• List of sources of potential daily exposure to aluminium

September 1, 2023 – Dr’s Newsletter: What exactly is an aluminium adjuvant and why is it necessary – READ

• “Knowing how and why aluminium adjuvants are effective gives us an insight into how the vaccine industry decides how much aluminium to include in a vaccine. Essentially, they do not want too much of an inflammatory response at the vaccine injection site as this could result in potentially severe reactions within a short period of time. Bad publicity for the vaccine! The aluminium content of a vaccine is sufficient to result in a specific level of antibodies to the injected antigen and, hopefully, low enough such that the aluminium does not induce a serious adverse event within the 15 minutes of ‘observation’ following injection of the vaccine.”…

July 17, 2023 – Dr’s Newsletter: It Started With a Fish – Lessons learned from fish gills – READ

• “Studying how aluminium interacted with the fish gill epithelium taught me a great deal about how aluminium interacts in biology in general.”

July 11, 2023 – Dr’s Newsletter: Aluminium Adjuvants and Vaccines – A marriage everlasting – READ

• “The latest vaccine industry funded paper entitled ‘Aluminium Adjuvants – Back to the Future’ leaves no doubt that the vaccine industry is not contemplating a future without aluminium adjuvants. The paper is published in a special issue of the journal Pharmaceutics called Designing and Developing the Next Generation of Vaccine Adjuvants.” [stating This special issue belongs to the section “Gene and Cell Therapy” !] – PAPER
• “Their rationale for continuing the use of aluminium adjuvants? Well, first and foremost, though not mentioned in this latest review, is cost….aluminium adjuvants are dirt cheap, they add absolutely nothing to the cost of a vaccine.”…”However, their cost effectiveness is not worthy of a mention in this latest industry review. The major selling point for aluminium adjuvants in this paper is ‘their excellent safety profile, which has been established through the use of hundreds of millions of doses in humans over many years’. This stomach churning statement, taken from the abstract of the published paper, is pure aluminium industry speak.”
• “It is, of course, common knowledge and scientific fact that the safety of aluminium adjuvants in humans has NEVER been tested for any vaccine in use today.”
• “Indeed there is no evidence that this paper was peer reviewed. The Guest Editor of the Special Issue where the paper is published is the lead author of the paper.”!!! “…The Editor of Pharmaceutics is a vaccine industry stooge. This journal, published by MDPI… is simply a vehicle for the vaccine industry to legitimise their messages regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccines.”

July 3, 2023 – Dr Newsletter: Academic Freedom – Whither the real biologists – READ

• “My forty years in academia taught me one thing, idealists with integrity seeking the truth are as rare in academia as the proverbial hen’s teeth. Science is simply a job for most and the assumption that scientists should know science is misguided….”
• “Biologists would instinctively know that something was rotten in the heart of the corona virus story. They would speak their truth, wouldn’t they?…Well actually, no. Truth in the biology department was decided by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Astra Zeneca and The Wellcome Trust. The biology department were the Government’s ‘happy clappers’ and not a word was spoken or written contrary to the narrative.“

June 26, 2023 – Dr’s Newsletter: The Silicic Acid Cycle – Silicic acid plays a primary role in mineral weathering – READ – The Climate connection

• “Biological silicification (of which more to come in future posts) is a mechanism by which silicic acid harvested from environments in which it is significantly under-saturated is concentrated and subsequently deposited as amorphous biogenic silica. The advent of biological silicification in the evolution of life on Earth, through the removal of silicic acid from solution, acted as an accelerant of carbon dioxide fuelled mineral weathering and in consequence lowered atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and contributed significantly to global cooling. The biological availability of silicon as silicic acid is acting as a cooling system for Earth so why is contemporary Earth warming.”
• An often-overlooked consequence of the burning of fossil fuels is a shift in the major acidifying anion in both wet (rain) and dry deposition. … In these regions, there has been a switch in the major acidifying anion in rainwater brought about by release of sulphur and nitrous oxides in anthropogenic (coal, oil and gas) emissions. The consequences for mineral weathering and silicic acid as a global coolant are primarily two-fold.
• The first is that sulphuric and not carbonic acid is the primary reactant in aluminosilicate weathering. Consequently, less atmospheric carbon dioxide is drawn down directly through mineral weathering….” [Does this contributing to the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere?]

May 23, 2023 – Dr’s Newsletter: Silicon, A Bare Necessity of Life – Silicic acid, the first super molecule – READ Dr Exley’s “greatest achievement in science”

• “We have identified and delineated the unique inorganic chemistry that underlies the reaction of silicic acid with aluminium….and prove the mechanism of such a reaction.” …”Silicic acid reacts, not with the free metal cation as previously supposed, but with the solid phase, aluminium hydroxide.”
• The products of the reaction are called hydroxyaluminosilicates (HAS)

March 6, 2023 – Dr’s Newsletter: Vaccine Safety Science – A tale of two (or three) aluminium adjuvants – READ

March 1, 2023 – ICAN: CDC and NIH Unable to Provide a Single Study to Support the Safety of Injecting Aluminum Adjuvants Despite its Widespread Use in Childhood Vaccines – READ

• FOIA request began in February 19, 2019 requesting “Copies of any human or animal studies involving the subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of aluminum adjuvant relied upon by the CDC to establish the safety of injecting infants and children with aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate or amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate.” in which they replied that “A search of our records failed to reveal any documents pertaining to your request.” – PDF, and confirmed September 27, 2022 that no single study could be found – PDF.
• “Aluminum adjuvanted vaccines are required for entry to school, yet no data exists supporting their ingredient’s safety. But don’t worry, they are so safe they even removed liability for pharma companies for injuries!”

2022

November 25, 2022 – Epoch Times: Expert on Aluminum Toxicity Forced Out of University – READ

November 24, 2022 – The Highwire Episode 295: MIND GAMES – WATCH

• Dr. Christopher Exley, PhD, FRSB (AKA “Mr. Aluminum”), chemist and expert in the field of aluminum, discusses his incredible discoveries on the devastating health effects of exposure to worlds’ most abundant metal, and how academia is trying to shut his research down – EXCERPT

September 28, 2022 – NBC News: Study tries to see whether child vaccines and asthma are linked – The researchers found a possible link between aluminum in vaccines and asthma [and allergies], but experts caution that more work is needed to confirm the findings. – READ, CREDIT

• The “expert” quoted in the article is pharma stooge Dr. Paul Offit who is “worried that the flawed study will needlessly scare some families away from proven vaccines.”…“Making an extraordinary claim requires extraordinary evidence,” Offit said!

September 27, 2022 – Dr’s Newsletter: Why, How Aluminium is Toxic – READ

• Both macrophage cells and monocytes at the injection site “accumulate significant quantities of aluminium adjuvant without incurring immediate toxicity”. These “migratory cells remain viable for days and perhaps longer during which time they can carry their cargo of toxic aluminium throughout the body”.
• “Aluminium adjuvant in macrophages and other cells slowly dissolves to release burgeoning amounts of Al3+ and hence eventually kills the cell.” Then releasing the load to neighbouring tissue potentially accumulating toxic amounts of aluminium in brain tissue, in a relatively short period of time. A mechanism of aluminium-induced encephalopathy (accelerated cell death) similar to what is acknowledged to occur in dialysis encephalopathy.
• “So, Al3+ is the ‘why and how aluminium is toxic’ while all other forms of aluminium including aluminium adjuvants are the source of this biologically-reactive and hence toxic aluminium.”

September 21, 2022 – The Looking Glass: How a university, its major funders and a newspaper killed research into the toxicity of aluminium adjuvants in vaccines – READ

July 7, 2022 – Holistic Health Masterclass Podcast: #120: Defending Science w/ Chris Exley – WATCH

July 5, 2022 – Holistic Health Masterclass Podcast: #119: Aluminum Deep Dive w/ Prof Chris Exley – WATCH

June 2, 2022 – The Solari Report: Health Series: Finding Health in the Aluminum Age with Dr. Christopher Exley – READ, CREDIT

May 3, 2022 – Dr Exley Newsletter: Silicon-Rich Natural Waters – READ, CREDIT

April 25, 2022 – Dr’s Newsletter: Detox or Not Detox – How to solve a problem like aluminium – READ

• ‘Notorious in this respect is the widespread use of the calcium/magnesium chelator EDTA. Published research does document increases in urinary excretion of aluminium following detox using EDTA. What this research does not tell you is that many if not all of the EDTA preparations used routinely in this form of detox are heavily contaminated with aluminium.”

February 7, 2022 – Dr’s Newsltter: The Aluminium (Aluminum) Industry is Becoming Desperate – Ignored, tolerated, censored and cancelled – READ

• “Forty years, an academic lifetime, is a long time thinking and writing about aluminium and life. You are ‘noticed’ from the publication of your first paper. You are ignored while industry ambassadors nudge and cajole line managers into acting as friendly deterrents. Your perseverance is tolerated while you build a portfolio of ‘interesting’ research. Out of the blue censorship appears through the actions of your institution. When censorship fails, you are cancelled. Collusion of academia with industry and Government in stopping scientific research was my recent fate …. A fate that in truth seems to have largely gone unnoticed by mainstream and alternative media alike.”
• “Why has the aluminium industry chosen this time to use its influence in bringing our research to an end? I contend that it is because it is running scared of recent research published by my group….”

January 23, 2022 – Robert Scott Bell Show – Professor Chris Exley, Aluminum Toxicity, Chris Hoar, Satellite Phones – LISTEN, CREDIT

2021

July 2021 – Prof Exley was forced out of his position as a tenured professor. ..Instead of celebrating [his] important science, Exley’s university withdrew funding for his research. — REF

March 25, 2021 – CHD: University Shuts Down World-Renowned Aluminum Expert’s Research After Big Pharma Sets Up Shop on Campus – READ

• “Officials at Keele University in the UK have disabled world-renowned aluminum expert Christopher Exley’s website and prevented him from receiving any philanthropic/charitable funding to support his research in the bioinorganic chemistry of aluminum and neurodegenerative disease — essentially the group’s main research theme over the past 29 years.”

February 9, 2021 – The Guardian UK: Keele University accepting funds for researcher who shared vaccine misinformation -Donations surge during Covid crisis for work by Prof Chris Exley, author of study linking vaccines and autism – READ, ARCHIVE, Page ARCHIVE, [This is a hit piece on Exley] Academic Freedom by Exley – CONTEXT,

• Keele University refuses to provide Prof Exley the “full details of the FOI request made by The Guardian” quoted in their article – Dr Exley’ history of this matter – READ

• “a(nother) egregious hit piece on world-leading aluminium toxicology expert”…”Because of his commitment to the scientific method (as opposed to ‘scientism’ – or Scientianity, as I like to call it), and his uncompromisingly high ethical standards, Chris has been denigrated, attacked, smeared, threatened (up to and including threats on his life) – and now his university has not only blocked his funding channels, but is refusing to let the general public, or even Keele students, access his world-class research.” by Miri – REF
• “Almost immediately following this [University Kangaroo Court] episode an article appeared in The Guardian newspaper accusing me of being an anti-vaxxer. An opinion that was quickly upheld by the University.” – REF
• Dr Exley’s comments to his email list: “Many of you have contacted me recently to ask why the links to both my website and donations portal are broken. I am afraid that the answer is that the Dean of Natural Sciences here at Keele has disabled these links while the university investigates allegations in The Guardian newspaper of me being anti-vaccine. The Dean has also suspended all my research funded through philanthropy…” – REF

2020

November 24, 2020 – BOOK Published: Imagine You Are An Aluminum Atom by Mr. Aluminum – READ, Amazon – READ

October 16-18, 2020 – Fifth International Public Conference on Vaccination: Session 1 | Show Us the Science : Aluminum Toxicity and human health by Chris Exley – WATCH, READ, BACKUP

May 8, 2020 – Nature’s Scientific Reports: Aluminium in human brain tissue from donors without neurodegenerative disease: A comparison with Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and autism – by Exley and Clarkson Seminal paper- READ

• “…Detailed statistical analyses showed that aluminium was significantly increased in each of these disease groups compared to control tissues. We have confirmed previous conclusions that the aluminium content of brain tissue in Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis is significantly elevated….”

May 5, 2020 – Times Higher Education (THE): Coronavirus finally allows universities to prove their worth by Russell Reader – READ This article prompted Dr Exley to comment and his leaving the university

• Dr Exley “was livid that some nobody administrator…considered that academics had not yet proved their worth to the greater public but that the corona virus would give them the opportunity to do so.” – READ
  • “…I do wonder if the reason behind small Universities like Keele choosing to completely lock down everything is more about seeing what is possible on line than any concerns about catching the current cold.“
• In August 2020 Dr Exley received an email from his head of department inviting him to an exploratory investigative meeting “online” to explain his comment. The University considered his comment “to be defamatory, bringing the University into disrepute.”- REF
• He decided not to attend their disciplinary “kangaroo court” and stated “In my absence I was again found guilty and a note made in my academic record.” – REF
• “Almost immediately following this episode an article appeared in The Guardian [February 9, 2021] newspaper accusing me of being an anti-vaxxer. An opinion that was quickly upheld by the University. The rest, as they say is history, and you can read all about it in great detail in my Leaving Statement.“

May 2020 (date of phone conversation) – People Behind the Science podcast CENSORED Professor C Exley PhD FRSB – Edited version of recorded telephone interview with Marie McNeely, the co-founder of an organisation called People Behind the Science – LISTEN, more information READ, (see notes under video)

• In June 2020 Dr Exley was informed by co-founder Michael Green that the interview would not be broadcast
• Only when US legal representatives issued a demand letter for a copy of the tape of the interview was a reply from co-founder Michael Green, forthcoming…However, what he actually sent was not what I asked for. He sent a highly edited copy of the interview in which there are many gaps and all words spoken by Marie McNeely had been removed. This is the low-resolution interview tape that Exley received from Green. Why was he censored by a group purporting to interview “people behind the science“?

April 29, 2020 – CHD: Is Pharma Censoring the Science at One Major University by Choking the Money Channel? by Robert F. Kennedy Jr.- READ, CREDIT

• “Keele University recently returned a $15,000 check that I contributed to support research by the world’s leading authority on aluminum toxicity, Keele’s own Dr. Christopher Exley. That surprising act reveals the pharmaceutical industry’s ruthless and impenetrable power over the world’s educational institutions and scientific research.” Multiple letters within article

January 2020 – Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology | Commentary: An aluminium adjuvant in a vaccine is an acute exposure to aluminium by Christopher Exley – READ

• How much aluminium is found in vaccines?
  • “.. the weight of aluminium salt in this [GlaxoSmithKline’s Infanrix Hexa] vaccine is approximately 8 mg, which is approximately ten times the weight of all of the other components of the vaccine when combined. An aluminium-adjuvanted vaccine is essentially a very high concentration of an aluminium salt (8 mg/0.5 mL or 16 mg/mL or 16 g/L) in which just μg of other vaccine components including antigens and other excipients are occluded.”
• Is the amount of aluminium in a vaccine ‘minuscule’?
• Acute versus chronic exposure to aluminium

2019

August 8, 2019 – The Highwire Episode 123: THE SMOKING GUN: ALUMINUM w/ Prof Chris Exley to discuss aluminium and how it is “a Greater Threat Than Global Warming” – WATCH

• Includes interview with “Dr Lluis Lujan on the study (co-authored with Chris Exley) he did around aluminum and pigs concerning vaccines and the causes vaccines containing aluminum had on these animals”.

June 2019 – Mr Aluminium: Prof. Christopher Exley is interviewed by Neuropath and blogger, Katia Txi – WATCH

• Second interview March 2020 – Toxic Brain: Alzheimer’s, Autism & Beyond conference at the Medical Society of London – WATCH

June, 10-13, 2019 – The International Conference on Metal Detoxification: (MetDetox) in Berlin: Keynote presentation Silicic Acid: Nature’s “detox” for aluminium by Prof. Exley – WATCH

May 15, 2019 – Science of the Total Environment: Silicic acid: The omniscient molecule by Exley et al – READ, CREDIT

• “The story of silicon in life is essentially the story of silicic acid. The Earth’s crust is composed primarily of three elements, oxygen, silicon and aluminium. Perhaps the most prominent examples of the Earth’s crust are mountains. In their upper reaches the Earth’s crust is directly exposed to the environment, to the elements. Rainfall dissolves mountains and the first product of this dissolution is silicic acid.” Shown in the schematic below. – REF
• Silicon (silicic acid) is not by strict definition considered an essential element for life….yet Dr Exley “would argue that life as we know it today would not exist if silicic acid had not always been omnipresent throughout biochemical evolution.” – REF

April 8, 2019 – Medical Rewind Show: Professor Exley blocked from raising research funds for vaccines links to autism, Chronic Lead Poisoning, Deadly Germs, Sugar Rush by Dr. Rashid A. Buttar – READ & LISTEN re The Times article

April 7, 2019 – The UK Times: Funding halted for Professor Chris Exley, who links vaccines to autism – ARCHIVE, READ

• “It echoes the “anti-vax” controversy surrounding Andrew Wakefield”
• “Supporters of Exley, a professor of bioinorganic chemistry, turned to crowd-funding site GoFundMe to raise cash after his grant applications were refused by scientific research councils.”! Now GoFundMe has blocked donations citing “Campaigns raising money to promote misinformation about vaccines violate GoFundMe’s terms of service and we are removing them,”
• Arne Akbar, president of the British Society for Immunology, accused him of “scaremongering”.”
• Andrew Pollard, professor of paediatric infection at Oxford University, said the results were unusable and that drawing any link to vaccines was “bad science”…Aluminium in vaccines helps stimulate an immune reaction. The amount is minuscule…” [but has NEVER been clinically tested]

2018

December 3, 2018 – Interviewed by Courtenay Heading, Patient Advocate, Jurby Wellness following a presentation given by Dr Exley at Manx Museum, Isle of Man – WATCH

November 16, 2018 – Systemic Effects of Metal Exposure in Clinical Practice: Protecting Patients and Optimising Outcomes, Congress by British Society for Ecological Medicine (BSEM) and MELISA Diagnostics | Session 4: Systemic Toxicity of Aluminium Adjuvants a presentation by Prof. Christopher Exley – WATCH, BACKUP, REF

November 7, 2018 – Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology: Unraveling the enigma: elucidating the relationship between the physicochemical properties of aluminium-based adjuvants and their immunological mechanisms of action – Shardlow, Mold and Exley – READ This paper “delve deeply into the science of aluminium adjuvants” – CREDIT

• “We emphasise that aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved vaccines are chemically and biologically dissimilar with concomitantly potentially distinct roles in vaccine-related adverse events.”

October 13, 2018 – Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology: Neurotoxicity of Aluminium: Chapter: The Chemistry of Human Exposure to Aluminium by Christopher Exley – READ

• ABSTRACT (changed formatting): “Before it is possible to begin to understand the chemistry of human exposure to aluminium, it is necessary to appreciate a few basic rules.
  • Rule number one tells us that the form of aluminium which is bound by functional groups on biomolecules is its free trivalent aqueous cation, Al³⁺ _(aq).
  • Rule number two tells us that the binding of Al³⁺ _(aq) is determined by both thermodynamic and kinetic constraints.
  • Rule number three tells us how essential it is to understand the critical importance of the exposure regime.
  • The application of these simple rules of aluminium chemistry allows us to understand why, for example, not all aluminium salts are equal and not all routes of aluminium exposure are equivalent.”

May 17, 2018 – The Highwire Episode 59: SUPERSTARS OF SCIENCE – Dr Chris Exley and Dr Yehuda Schoenfeld in Lisbon, Portugal – WATCH @32 min Dr Exley

May 17, 2018 – Del Bigtree Interviews Chris Exley at the 11th International Conference on Auto-Immunity in Lisbon, Portugal, for The Highwire Ep 59 which aired – WATCH, BACKUP, YouTube DELETED

March 2018 – Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology: Aluminium in brain tissue in autism by Exley et al – READ, 2023 comment – READ

• This is when the “nasty stuff” began – REF
• This paper has been “downloaded over a million times” (Sep 2023) – REF

February 5, 2018 – Science Report: Intracellular tracing of amyloid vaccines through direct fluorescent labelling by Mold, Exley et al – READ

2017

November 30, 2017 – The Hippocratic Post: Aluminium and autism by Prof Chris Exley – READ, CREDIT

• “Research at Keele University published in the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology provides the strongest indication yet that aluminium is an aetiological agent in ASD.”

November 26, 2017 – J Trace Elements in Medical Biology: Aluminium in brain tissue in autism by Mold, Exley et al – READ

September 29, 2017 – LiveAware Expo 2017: Living Safely and Healthily in the Aluminium Age – WATCH

June 15, 2017 – “In the middle of 2017, three of the most important scientists in the field of aluminum adjuvant toxicity-Dr. Christopher Shaw of Canada, Dr. Chris Exley of England, and Dr. Romain Gherardi of France-took the extraordinary step of writing letters of caution to our American public health authorities.” – REF

June 8, 2017 -Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports: Aluminum Should Now Be Considered a Primary Etiological Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease by Christopher Exley – READ

• “In this paper, I have summarized the experimental and largely clinical evidence that implicates aluminum as a primary etiological factor in Alzheimer’s disease. The unequivocal neurotoxicity of aluminum must mean that when brain burdens of aluminum exceed toxic thresholds that it is inevitable that aluminum contributes toward disease…”

June 6, 2017 – EBioMedicine: Use of Underarm Cosmetic Products in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study – Linhart, Exley et al – READ

March 4-8, 2017 – The 12th Keele Meeting on Aluminium will be held at the Pinnacle Hotel, Vancouver, Canada – – Living in the Aluminium Age – ARCHIVE, CREDIT

January 15, 2017 – Toxicology: Non-linear dose-response of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant particles: Selective low dose neurotoxicity – Grepeaux, Exley et al – READ, ICAN: Aluminum adjuvants are literally toxic to the human body… – CREDIT

• “Aluminium (Al) oxyhydroxide (Alhydrogel®), the main adjuvant licensed for human and animal vaccines, consists of primary nanoparticles that spontaneously agglomerate.
• Concerns about its safety emerged following recognition of its unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence within immune cells in some individuals, and reports of….”
• In this mouse study “An unusual neuro-toxicological pattern limited to a low dose of Alhydrogel^® was observed.”

January 9, 2017 – Frontiers in Chemistry: From Stock Bottle to Vaccine: Elucidating the Particle Size Distributions of Aluminum Adjuvants Using Dynamic Light Scattering – Shardlow, Mold and Exley – READ, CREDIT

• Aluminium adjuvants are predominantly solids when they are injected in vaccine solutions… the immune-reactive cells then engulf the particles of aluminium adjuvant and store them in their cell bodies.

2016

December 8, 2016 (?): People’s Pharmacy US Radio Show w/ Joe and Terry Graedon: How safe is aluminium? – Professor Christopher Exley (Keele University, UK) – EXCERPT and other scientists are interviewed by Joe and Terry Graedon – LISTEN

• Sources of exposure such as milk formulas, antiperspirants, processed foods and even tea and coffee are discussed, as are controversial issues such as Alzheimer’s disease, the Camelford water disaster, and breast cancer.

December 2016 – Children’s Medical Safety Research Institute (CMSRI) : Active ingredient: The role of aluminium in today’s illness epidemic? a presentation by Professor Christopher Exley – WATCH

November 2016 – Achieving optimal health conference (Washington DC, US) – “Why Aluminium is a Contributor to Alzheimer’s Disease” – Presented by Professor Christopher Exley – WATCH

August 12, 2016 – Nature Scientific Reports: Insight into the cellular fate and toxicity of aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved human vaccinations by Mold, Shardlow and Exley – READ, CREDIT

• Finding “aluminum adjuvants varied in how reactive they were in the body and how much they were taken up in the cells. The team posited that although one form, aluminum oxyhydroxide, was not immediately toxic to the cells, it had the potential to be transported throughout the body and even to the brain.” – REF

August 1, 2016 – Nature Scientific Reports: What is the mechanism of formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates? – Beardmore, Exley et al – READ, CREDIT

• ABSTRACT: “The formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates [HAS] is integral to the biogeochemical cycles of aluminium and silicon. The unique inorganic chemistry which underlies their formation explains the non-essentiality in biota of both of these elements. However, the first steps in the formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates were hitherto only theoretical and plausibly only accessible in silico. Herein we have used computational chemistry to identify and define for the first time these unique and ultimately critically important reaction steps….”
• “We have identified and delineated the unique inorganic chemistry that underlies the reaction of silicic acid with aluminium….and prove the mechanism of such a reaction.” …”I am sure that the delineation of this chemistry, the chemistry that underlies life on Earth as we know it today, is my greatest achievement in science.” Dr Exley (2023) – REF

July 27, 2016 – DOCUMENTARY FILM by Spritzer suppliers of silica rich water – presented by Professor Christopher Exley – on the benefits of drinking mineral waters with a higher silicic acid content to help combat toxic aluminium and remove it from the human body – WATCH, ARCHIVE, READ

• www.SilicaWaters.com – source of Silica-rich water – READ, 2017 – ARCHIVE
• ACILIS by Spritzer^TM the UK brand name for SPRITZER natural silica water as used in scientific research – “Silica water differs significantly from most bottled waters, as it naturally contains more silicon in soluble form, known as OSA or Orthosilicic Acid in highly diluted form. It is usually listed on bottled water labels as Silica, and is measured in milligrams per litre.” – REF

April 2016 – 4th International Symposium on Vaccines in Leipzig, Germany | Session 1 The Toxicity of Aluminium Adjuvants introduction by Prof Christopher Exley – WATCH

“The reason you get a little red mark following vaccination is because of toxicity at the injection site. This has got nothing to do with the antigen you are being vaccinated against.”

Prof. Christopher Exley

• Exley just learnt, through conversations with the European Medical Agency, FDA and the manufacturers of aluminium adjuvants that “There are no clinically-approved (aluminium) adjuvants! There are only clinically-approved vaccines” this is really important because aluminium adjuvants or aluminium-adjuvant vaccines are STILL used as “placebo or controls” in clinical trials. We’ve never tested the safety of the adjuvant. – @2:20
• Alhydrogel – Aluminium oxyhydroxide – with crystalline properties composed of nanoneedles 4.5nm x 2.2nm x 10nm in size and is the most frequently used adjuvant in commercial vaccines
• Adju-Phos – Aluminium hydroxyphosphate – amorphous (not crystalline), composed of platy particles ~50nm in size – not clinically approved
• Imject alum – Aluminium hydroxycarbonate and magnesium hydroxide – amorphous Al phase but not an Al adjuvant – it’s a research preparation only – wrongly used as a surrogate for Al adjuvant, but is more like an antacid

2014

October 27, 2014 – Frontiers in Neurology: Why industry propaganda and political interference cannot disguise the inevitable role played by human exposure to aluminum in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease – by Christopher Exley – READ

• “In the aluminum age, it is clearly unpalatable for aluminum, the globe’s most successful metal, to be implicated in human disease….Herein, I will make the case that it is inevitable both today and in the future that an individual’s exposure to aluminum is impacting upon their health and is already contributing to, if not causing, chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This is the logical, if uncomfortable, consequence of living in the aluminum age. “

2013

August 19, 2013 – Royal Society of Chemistry: Human exposure to aluminium by Christopher Exley – READ, CREDIT

• “Aluminium is the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.”

April 2013 – Inaugural Lecture given by Professor Christopher Exley at Keele University, UK – You can call me Mr Aluminium – WATCH, Chris Exley is appointment as Professor at Keele, a high distinction for an academic

• The Aluminium Age: 1889-Present Day

2012

December 17, 2012 – Journal of Alzheimers Disease: Silicon-rich mineral water as a non-invasive test of the ‘aluminum hypothesis’ in Alzheimer’s disease – by Davenward, Exley et al – READ

• “We have shown that drinking up to 1 L of a silicon-rich mineral water each day for 12 weeks facilitated the removal of aluminum via the urine in both patient and control groups without any concomitant affect upon the urinary excretion of the essential metals, iron and copper. … cognitive performance showed clinically relevant improvements in at least 3 out of 15 individuals. This is a first step in a much needed rigorous test of the ‘aluminum hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease’ …”

November 21, 2012 – Austrian Documentary on Aluminium, “Menschen und Mächte – Die Akte Aluminium”, [People and Power: The Aluminium File] broadcast on TV station ORF2 on 21/11/2012 (not in english) – WATCH, Post-film interview with Professor Christopher Exley (not in english) – WATCH – The Age of Aluminum – WATCH

2011

November 21, 2011 – Vaccine | Letter to the Editor: Aluminium-based adjuvants should not be used as placebos in clinical trials by Christopher Exley – READ [behind paywall]

February 19-23, 2011 – Ninth Keele Meeting on Aluminium, 2011: Aluminium and Life: Living in the Aluminium Age – ARCHIVE

January 3-11, 2011 – Vaccine Safety Conference in Jamaica | Evaluating the Science: “A Mechanism of Toxicity of Aluminium-Based Adjuvants?” a presentation by Professor Exley – WATCH, Presentation SLIDES, Slide – NOTES

• Conference ARCHIVE, Speakers – ARCHIVE, Presentations – ARCHIVE

2010

March 2010 – Trends in Immunology: The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work? – Exley et al – READ, READ, CREDIT (Trends asked Dr Exley to review how Al worked – see @7:20)

• “Aluminium adjuvants potentiate the immune response, thereby ensuring the potency and efficacy of typically sparingly available antigen. Their concomitant critical importance in mass vaccination programmes may have prompted recent intense interest in understanding how they work and their safety. Progress in these areas is stymied, however, by a lack of accessible knowledge pertaining to the bioinorganic chemistry of aluminium adjuvants, and, consequently, the inappropriate application and interpretation of experimental models of their mode of action….“
• Dr Exley writes in 2023 “the manuscript was not popular with the field and it took a brave and forward thinking editor to see it published. The 200+ citations so far suggest that he was right to support our position. Subsequent research allowed us to begin to answer the question on how aluminium adjuvants work and, importantly, how they don’t work.” This subject is “extensively” covered in Exley’s book – REF

2009

November 2, 2009 – Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Avoidance of aluminum by rainbow trout – Christopher Exley – READ, CREDIT

• “I demonstrated that when aluminium was present in water as predominantly its free metal ion, Al3+, fish avoided very low concentrations of aluminium. They were able to detect and swim away from concentrations of aluminium as low as 27ppb. This is probably the approximate concentration of aluminium in potable drinking water. However, when aluminium was present in water as predominantly aluminium hydroxide, a solid phase of aluminium, fish did not avoid aluminium concentrations ten or even twenty times higher, for example, 500ppb. The fish are telling us that the biologically-reactive form of aluminium is Al3+ and it is the concentration of this form of aluminium that will determine its immediate toxicity….all forms of aluminium in an aqueous environment will dissolve to release Al3+. However, the rate at which this dissolution occurs will determine if toxicity ensues.” – REF

February 21-25, 2009 – Eighth Keele Meeting on Aluminium, 2009: The Natural History of Aluminium From Non-Selection to Natural Selection – ARCHIVE

2007

February 24-28, 2007- Seventh Keele Meeting on Aluminium – Life and Living in the Aluminium Age – ARCHIVE

• “There are more moles of aluminium in the Earth’s crust than there are for all of the other metals of the lithosphere combined! The ubiquity of aluminium combined with its complete non-essentiality in biota defines a paradox and it is this paradox that underlies our research into the natural history of aluminium….”

2005

February 26 – March 2, 2005 – Sixth Keele Meeting on Aluminium, 2005: Aluminium : Lithosphere to Biosphere (and Back) – ARCHIVE

2004

• Professor Exley was so shocked by the findings [that macrophages loaded with aluminium served as carries of Al into the brain], it altered his view of the safety of using vaccines containing aluminum. – REF

“…I would now say that we have to think very carefully about who receives a vaccine that includes an aluminum adjuvant. We need to think carefully, is this vaccine a life-saving vaccine or not? If it isn’t, don’t have it with an aluminum adjuvant.”

Prof Chris Exley

2003

February 23-25, 2003 – Fifth Keele Meeting on Aluminium, 2003: Aluminium in Life: From Acid Rain to Alzheimer’s Disease – ARCHIVE

2001

2001 – Elsevier Science Ltd, Amsterdam: Aluminium and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Science that Desribes the Link. by Exley C (Ed.). 2001 – REF

February 24-27, 2001 – Third Keele Meeting on Aluminium, 2001: The Biological Availability of Aluminium: Sources, Sinks and Symptoms – ARCHIVE

• “Aluminium is omnipresent in our environment. Its bulk is contained within the myriad of aluminous minerals that together constitute the earth’s crust. A small fraction of the earth’s aluminium will enter biotic cycles before its return to its mineral origins. The actions of Man, for example, in acidifying the earth’s soils (acid rain/intensive farming) or the mining of aluminium oxides (bauxite), have increased the biotic aluminium burden….” Dr Chris Exley – Birchall Centre for Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Keele University

1999

Feb 22-24, 1999 – Third Keele Meeting on Aluminium, 1999: The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Aluminium: from Microbe to Man – ARCHIVE

• Presentation: Molecular evidence of aluminium-induced Alzheimer’s disease. C Exley Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.

1995

1995 – First Keele Meeting on Aluminium was held – CREDIT

1993

June 21, 1993 – FEBS Letters: An interaction of β-amyloid with aluminium in vitro by Exley et al – READ, CREDIT

• “This is the first evidence of a direct biochemical interaction between aluminium and β-amyloid and may have important implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.”

1989

March 9, 1989 – Nature: Acute toxicity of aluminium to fish eliminated in silicon-rich acid waters – Birchall, Exley et al – READ,

• How silicic acid protected against the toxicity of aluminium. “This observation in fish was easily extrapolated to all life. Silicic acid prevented aluminium from participating in biochemical evolution.” – CREDIT
• It Started With a Fish – victims and study models for ‘acid rain’ – REF
• 1988 – Recent Advances in Aquaculture: Acid Rain: Implications For The Farming of Salmonids – READ

February 15, 1998 – Jornal Inorganic Biochemistry: Silicon in life : A bioinorganic solution to bioorganic essentiality– Chris Exley – READ

January 1989 – PhD Thesis: Amelioration of aluminium toxicity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with particular reference to aluminium/silicon interactions by Christopher Exley – READ, PDF, CREDIT