In 1961 Sydney Brenner, Francois Jacob, and Matthew Meselson discovered that messenger RNA (mRNA) is the molecule that takes genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the protein-making machinery (ribosomes) in the cell cytoplasm. Thus answered the question of how proteins were synthesised in cells. [1]
“A length of DNA that includes the “blueprint” for a single protein product is called a gene. Each three-nucleotide sequence [codon] carries the instructions for making a particular amino acid, with amino acids being the building blocks of proteins”. In all, there are 20 amino acids which can be used to form a polypeptide chain, which when folds into a 3D shape it becomes a protein. [2, 3]
RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that:
- The sugar in its nucleotide building blocks is ribose and not deoxyribose
- RNA uses the nucleotide base uracil instead of thymine. But like thymine, uracil can pair with adenine
- RNA, especially mRNA, tends to be single-stranded, not double-stranded like DNA
Natural mRNA degredation is a precise, genetically controlled process with an approximate half-life of around 9 hours. Around 40 proteins are produced/mRNA/hour. [5, 6, 7, 8]
In the COVID-19 gene-technology mRNA ‘vaccines’ the nucleotide uracil (uradine) has been replaced with pseudouradine, which causes the synthetic mRNA to last longer. A study shows the synthetic mRNA can persist in lymph nodes for up to 60 days (possibly longer), constantly producing foreign spike protein! [4]