SOURCE:  Spike Protein pathogenicity library
https://zenodo.org/records/14269255

C. Amyloid, prion-like properties

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ACE2 may contribute to the transmissibility and pathogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 omicron as
suggested by in silico study,” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 21: 13502. doi:
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113502

2. Cao S et al., “Spike Protein Fragments Promote Alzheimer’s Amyloidogenesis,” ACS Appl. Mater.
Interfaces 2023, 15, 34: 40317-40329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c09815

3. Freeborn J, “Misfolded Spike Protein Could Explain Complicated COVID-19 Symptoms,” Medical
News Today, May 26, 2022, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/misfolded-spike-protein-
could-explain-complicated-covid-19-symptoms

4. Idrees D and Vijay Kumar, “SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Interactions with Amyloidogenic Proteins:
Potential Clues to Neurodegeneration,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
2021, 554 : 94–98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.100

5. Ma G et al., “SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein S2 subunit modulates γ-secretase and enhances amyloid-β
production in COVID-19 neuropathy,” Cell Discov 2022, 8, 99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-
022-00458-3

6. Nahalka J, “1-L Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit,” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8:
4440. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084440

7. Nyström S, “Amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 8945–
8950. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c03925

8. Petrlova J et al., “SARS-CoV-2 spike protein aggregation is triggered by bacterial lipopolysaccharide,”
FEBS Lett. 2022, 596:2566–2575. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14490

9. Petruk G et al., “SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and boosts
proinflammatory activity,” J. Mol. Cell Biol. 2020, 12: 916-932. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjaa067

10. Rong Z et al., “Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the
neurological sequelae of COVID-19,” Cell Host Microbe 2024, 26: S1931-3128(24)00438-4. doi:
10.1016/j.chom.2024.11.007

11. Tetz G and Victor Tetz, “Prion-Like Domains in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Diber across Its Variants
and Enable Changes in Abinity to ACE2,” Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2: 280, doi:
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020280

12. Wang J et al., “SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Domain Accelerates α-Synuclein Phosphorylation and
Aggregation in Cellular Models of Synucleinopathy,” Mol Neurobiol. 2024, 61, 4: 2446-2458. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03726-9