Kevin McKernan PhD is a highly published microbiologist with a long history in genomic science, he is the former research and development leader at the Human Genome Project and is the founder and CSO Medical Genomics where you can find out more about him. Since the regulatory agencies are not doing the work, Kevin has taken citizen science into his own hands to learn more about what exactly lurks in the vials of the genetic COVID-19 injectable products.

Kevin McKernan was also one of the scientists as part of the International Consortium of Scientists in Life Sciences (ICSLS) who critiqued the Corman-Drosten PCR paper

I became aware of Kevin in an interview with Dr Jessica Rose on March 25, 2023 when they discussed his revelations from deep sequence analysis of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine vials, though I had already bookmarked his work exposing the PCR test deception.

What we do know is, there a large economic motivation for this history to repeat itself and the more aspects of the fraud that we unveil, the better we’ll be at resisting it in the future.

Kevin McKernan, Jan 19, 2024

Official links:

• Nepetalactone Newsletter on Substack is by Kevin McKernan – HERE
• Twitter/X – HERE

Interviews and publications in reverse chronological order

2024

December 27, 2024 – Paul Offit Yard Sale – WATCH

• Paul Offit tries to set the record straight with a video pleading for you to pay no attention to the DNA contamination story. Kevin responds

May 30, 2024: National Citizens Inquiry (NCI) 2024 Canada – Kevin McKernan – WATCH

May 18, 2024 – McKernan Substack: Recent DNA Contamination paper by Konig et al – READ

• May 7, 2024 – Methodological Considerations Regarding the Quantification of DNA Impurities in the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Comirnaty® by Konig et al – READ
• “Moderna’s own patents which state qPCR underestimates the DNA quantitation problem…A very important point that doesn’t get any air time is that the measurements the regulatory bodies believe are being made by the manufacturers do not measure the final product but instead make a measurement at an upstream step…if Pharma can measure the RNA at the final step, why not [measure the amount of] the DNA [contamination]? – REF
• “RiboGreen is NOT a RNA specific dye. It in fact binds DNA 2X more than RNA… [the] chart from LifeTech was made using natural RNA. Any RNA that behaves more like DNA would nullify this ‘Validation’. That would include N1-methyl-pseudoU RNA and GC rich RNA (the vaccines have both) as this type of RNA hairpins more and thus forms more minor grooves for the PicoGreen dye to bind….”
• “…the Dyes are cross talking and what you think is DNA is really RNA elevating your signals.”
• “The best way to settle the concerns raised by Kirchner is to use an RNase (RNaseA from NEB) to eliminate the RNA so there is no potential for the dye to cross talk…”
• “There is no excuse for the valid critiques Konig et al raises regarding testing only the RNA as the final product and the DNA at some irrelevant step earlier in the process. They should both be measured with Fluorometry + RNaseA (for the DNA) and Flourometry + DNaseI (for the RNA) to assess total content of DNA contamination independent of its size.”

May 4, 2024 – Kevin’s Substack: Scoops Mcgoo reveals a bombshell- FOIA efforts strike gold – READ, Rebel News: Health Canada knew of contamination issues in Pfizer’s shots but rubber-stamped booster doses anyway- WATCH

• “The biggest bombshell in the FOIA is that Pfizer admits to not even having an assay to measure the fragment lengths! Wait what?…Regulators assured us this DNA was under 200bp and of no consequence, yet the manufacturing doesn’t even have an assay to measure it???…Talk about regulatory capture. They are willing to lie to safeguard the manufacturer, not safeguard the public?”
• “This 200bp assumption is flawed once LNPs are in the picture. The LNPs actually invert the problem. The smaller DNA fragments become, the more likely it is to integrate as it has more sticky ends….” Billions of sticky ends rather than thousands!
• “The regulators are working with Pfizer to come up with pacifying language for the Plebs.” RICO/collusion??

April 7, 2024 – Kevin’s Substack: DNA sequencing and ‘Market Failure’ – A tour through a wild ride (and J. Rose review of DNA sequencing) – READ

• Jessica: Overview in Genomics – A Substack on Sanger, Next Generation and Oxford Nanopore sequencing techniques, to understand the future – READ

April 6, 2024 – Kevin’s Substack: Targeted Enrichment of vaccine DNA – on the search for genome integration events to ” fish out DNA needles from a haystack” – READ

• i.e. Using “targeted sequencing tools needed to detect low frequency genetic integration events”, genetic material from the COVID-19 vaccine contamination

March 27, 2024 – Kevin’s substack: Week in Review – Lots of DNA integration discussions – READ

• Paper from Bruce Pattersons lab “Test for long-term vaccine injury” – Spike protein and even mutated Spike Protein found in the Long-Vax patients 245 days later. Mutated Spike is a sign of Translational fidelity issues. N1-methyl-PseudoU is gumming up the works and making the ribosomes mumble. – Credit Dr Clare Craig
• Dig Deeply: Foreign DNA in the mRNA Vaccine – the basic biology behind the DNA integration issue – READ

March 27, 2024 -Jessica Rose Substack: DNA found integrated in cancer cell line – Implications for people injected with the modified mRNA products, specifically with regard to cancer (Layperson’s summary) – READ

• Follows the work of Professor Ulrike Kämmerer (OB/Gyn) in Germany – added Pfizer vax drops to cancer cell lines, and when stained showed presence of spike protein in the OVCAR3 cells, meaning LNP got into cell and caused cell to manufacture spike protein – READ
• As the vaccine LNP’s also contain DNA, Kevin McKernan was then asked if he could do the DNA seeking part of the experiment …”According to Kevin’s preliminary findings, not only did the DNA get into the genomes of the OVCAR3 cells, but the transfected cells appear to be involved in mutating specific bits of the injection DNA itself, which could only mean that it is being replicated.”
• “An integration event can occur when a cell is dividing, or by human cell repair mechanisms when there is breakage in the DNA. The DNA would have to be uncoiled in order for a fragment of DNA to be spliced in at some specific location…”
• The physiological implications for humans is still unknown. “There’s no way to know because we’ve never done anything like this before and we have no data to compare it to from prior experiments or clinical trials.”

Small amounts of contamination can be amplified inside the cell making the current DNA regulation loop hole large enough to drive a truck through.

Kevin McKernan

March 26, 2024 – Mind & Matters w. Nick Jikomes Ep 149: DNA & RNA Biology, mRNA Vaccines, Vax Contamination & Side Effects, Spike Protein, Ivermectin, Hop Latent Viroid – WATCH, CREDIT

March 13, 2024 – TFTC 489 on X: Bitcoin Fixes Scientific Peer Review with @Kevin_McKernan – WATCH

March 10, 2024 – 2nd Smartest Guy Substack: BREAKING: Integration of corona vaccine-contaminated DNA into the human cell line genome by Mao Arakawa (Okudo Hirokushi) – READ,

• Epoch Times: Covid vaccine gene could integrate into human cancer cells – What researcher Kevin McKernan and his team have found contradicts the latest argments from fact-checkers – READ, Vigilant Fox (lay explanation) – READ
• These are expected to be “rare events,” but they can happen, Mr. McKernan told The Epoch Times

February 28, 2024 – FLCCC Weekly Update w/ Dr. Paul Marik and Dr. Pierre Kory: ‘COVID Vaccines & Genome Integration’ – WATCH, READ

• Substack: Plasmid DNA replication in BNT162b2 vaccinated cell lines – READ

February 25, 2024 – Kevin’s Substack: Vaccine targeted qPCR of Cancer Cell Lines treated with BNT162b2 – Putative integration events- READ This is deemed to confirm DNA integration

• “In summary, this data does demonstrate that SV40, Origin of replication and spike DNA can be found through at least 2 cell passages in vaccinated OvCar3 cell lines. This is not seen in the untreated cell lines. Additionally spike DNA was detected in Whole Genome Shotgun libraries of the vaccine treated samples at 3,000X coverage while the human genome was only at 30X coverage”
• “Further work is required to validate the size and frequency of these integration events and rule out Illumina related artifacts that could lead to false positive integration events.”

February 19, 2024 – Kevin McKernan Substack | Nepetalacton : More lot surveillance reveals DNA contamination variance – Japanese vials – READ

January 28, 2024 – Kevin’s Substack: The Pet Theory Economy [Division!] – READ

• “This week I was accused of getting JJ Couey fired from [Children’s Health Defence] CHD. No evidence was provided. I was vilified for this act without evidence….”

January 24, 2024 – PharmaFiles Aussie 17: Biologist Prof. Dr. Ulrike Kammerer from University Hospital of Würzburg shares her concerns about DNA Plasmid Contaminations, SV40 Promoters and Spidroins in mRNA vaccines –

January 19, 2024 – Kevin’s Substack: The Smoking Gun – With a confession note – READ, USRTK – READ, WATCH

• Re Jan 18, 2024 ARTICLE by “Emily Kopp from The US Right to Know (USRTK) has obtained additional detail about the DEFUSE proposal that is far more than a smoking gun but ,in fact, is more analogous to finding the gun, fingerprint and confession note in one place.”
• “Emily found evidence that this proposal also listed the very restriction enzyme (BsmBI) that Bruttel et al. claimed could build the virus. Not only did Bruttel et al[2022]. notice that BsmBI sites were conveniently evenly spaced throughout the viral genome and this spacing was not only NOT observed in other CVs but that this approach made complete sense as a logical path to manually assembling the genome.”…and “the DEFUSE proposal actually contains NEB R0580S part numbers to order these very enzymes to construct the virus in the manner Bruttel et al. predicted”
• “There is no more debate. C19 was made in a lab. Which lab and when is still a hot topic but it didn’t come from a pangolin courting a bat.”
• “Congrats to Bruttel et al. You have been vindicated and hopefully your work manifests in some accountability for this cover-up. Now that we know its lab made, the next question is by who, when and how was it disseminated?”
• Debates!…”So I support the people chipping away at the GOF recklessness as much as I support those trying to end the Pandemic Preparedness narrative, as much as I support frontline physicians and vax contamination investigations, as much as I support those chipping away at the free speech violations that enabled all of this hoodwinking.” [Hear, hear]

January 17, 2024 – Kevin on X: What has beating the drum for 3 years accomplished? – THREAD, READ

• “Even if the mortality is all iatrogenic, their COVID experience wasn’t (except they were denied treatment)…….the more government tries to run health care, the more one size fits all medicine occurs…”
• “The [PCR] ‘Casedemic’ message has had 3 years to convert people and failed…This is largely because the average person has read 1% of the literature compared to any good freedom orientated person”! –REF

2023

December 5, 2023 – Rebekah Rarnett Substack: Kevin McKernan loses entire database of research after NZ health service obtains an injunction to prevent sharing of leaked Covid vax health data – READ

November 2, 2023 – Kevin’s Substack: Spider webs in the Pfizer closet – Kurtosis and the Mystery Open Reading Frame (ORF) – READ

• “Lets just remind the reader that now the EMA, the FDA and Health Canada have acknowledged that SV40 promoters are in fact in the vaccine. Despite some of them accusing us of lab contamination, they now can see the sequence in the data Pfizer gave them. They only decided to look 3 years later after a few billion doses.” [So much for “rigorous” safety review!]
• Is there a hidden silk gene (recombinant spider silk protein (spidroins)) in the code?

November 1, 2023 – Epoch Times: European Regulator Confirms pfizer did not highlight dna sequence in covid-19 vaccine – READ, Zero Hedge – READ

• “While the full DNA sequence of the plasmid starting material was provided in the initial marketing authorization application for Comirnaty, the applicant did not specifically highlight the SV40 sequence,” to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), claming Pfizer did not highlight the inclusion of the enhancer in its vaccine because “it was considered to be a non-functional part of the plasmid,”!
• “The best independent estimates are 100-200B fragments of the plasmid exist in each dose,” said Kevin McKernan,
• but the EMA claims “Fragments of the SV40 sequence may only be present as residual impurities at very low levels that are routinely controlled…” they also said, “we have not seen any reliable evidence of residual DNA exceeding approved/safe levels for” the Pfizer vaccine.

October 19, 2023 – Epoch Times: EXCLUSIVE: Health Canada Confirms Undisclosed Presence of DNA Sequence in Pfizer Shot – READ

• The regulator said that after scientists Kevin McKernan and Dr. Phillip J. Buckhaults publicly raised the presence of SV40 enhancers in the vaccines earlier this year, “it was possible for Health Canada to confirm the presence of the enhancer based on the plasmid DNA sequence submitted by Pfizer against the published SV40 enhancer sequence.”…which the manufacturer had not previously disclosed

October 18, 2023 – Australian Medical Professionals Society (AMPS): Too Many Dead – An inquiry into Australia’s excess mortality – Kevin McKernan presents on DNA contamination findings in the COVID-19 vaccine vials – WATCH, All bio’s and presentations – HERE, Download Book – HERE

October 9, 2023 – WCH Symposium: Urgent Expert Hearing on Reports of DNA Contamination in mRNA Vaccines – ALL VIDEOS (many more speakers)

• Kevin McKernan: Plasmid Derived dsDNA Contamination in mRNA “Vaccines” – WATCH

October 4, 2023 – Daily Clout: Medicinal Genomics Founder and CSO Kevin McKernan Shows Naomi Wolf DNA Fragments in COVID Injections – WATCH

September 25, 2023 – Jikkyleaks Twitter(X): all the mechanisms for DNA integration that were found in the Pfizer vaccine in the #plasmidgate investigations by @Kevin_McKernan and @P_J_Buckhaults are also potentially present in Novavax if there is plasmid or BCV contamination. – THREAD, what it memes – TWEET

September 17, 2023 – PharmaFiles Aussie17 Substack: BREAKING: Dr. Phillip Buckhault‘s Testimony at Senate Hearing on DNA Contamination in Pfizer’s mRNA Vaccine -Hard evidence of DNA Contaminants in Pfizer and Moderna’s “vaccines” -WATCH & READ, CREDIT, Hearing – WATCH, ARCHIVE, BACKUP, BACKUP, BACKUP

• South Carolina Senate Medical Affairs Ad-Hoc Committee on DHEC – WATCH
• “Kevin’s findings were eventually reproduced across several independent labs, one of which is run by Dr. Phillip Buckhaults, a molecular biologist and cancer genomics expert from the University of South Carolina. Dr. Buckhaults was alarmed at the findings of DNA contaminants”

August 29, 2023 – Epoch Times | American Thought Leaders: Kevin McKernan Talks COVID Vaccine DNA Contamination, the Monkey Virus SV40 Promoter, and What’s Actually in the Vaccines – WATCH, LISTEN, Substack – READ

August 25, 2023 – Epoch Times: EXCLUSIVE: Health Canada Not Concerned About Scientists’ Finding of Plasmid DNA Contamination in COVID Shots – READ

• 2 scientists (Kevin McKernan and Dr. Phillip J. Buckhaults) independently raised red flags about ~18 to 70 times greater than acceptable limits of plasmid DNA contamination in mRNA shots, potentially harmful to human genome

August 10, 2023 – The Highwire Ep 332: THE FORBIDDEN DEBATE – FULL, Are the COVID-19 Vaccines contaminated with DNA? – WATCH

• Kevin McKernan talks about his groundbreaking discovery of plasmid derived dsDNA contamination in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and lays out the proven dangers of injecting foreign DNA into the body –

July 29, 2023 – Nepetalactone Substack by Kevin McKernan: SV40 discussion with Dr. Peter McCullough – READ, Interview WATCH, EXCERPT

July 27, 2023 – Peter McCullough Substack: SV40 Promoters and Enhancers Contaminate Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine- DNA from Manufacturing Process Raises Longer Term Cancer Concerns with Multiple Injections
Validated Results from Inspection of Vaccine Vials Reported by Kevin McKernan – WATCH & READ

July 18, 2023 – PANDA: Next Generation Sequencing Overview w/ Kevin McKernan – WATCH, CREDIT

June 15, 2023 – FDA | Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) |182nd Meeting – READ, WATCH – Public Comment by Kevin McKernan presents “Plasmid derived dsDNA contamination in mRNA vaccine” – EXCERPT, timestamp WATCH

• DNA contamination of mRNA vaccine vials reports Kevin MKernan – EXCERPT
• “The Pfizer vaccines specifically had this SV40 promotor which was not disclosed in the expression vector map that was given to the EMA” – EXCERPT
• PCR cycle threshold (Ct) difference between DNA vector and Spike is only 5-7 which means there is an “18-70 fold over the EMA limit [recommendation] of 330mg/mg” of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) contamination of the vector plasmid – EXCERPT
• Various people around the world have now begun to reproduce these findings! “In 60 minutes, dsDNA contamination can be measured with direct qPCR of the vaccine vials for less than $10/vial using 1/300th of a dose” – EXCERPT
• There’s a risk of DNA integration into the genome! – 2009 Peden paper refrenced – READ

April 20, 2023 – Rebel News w/ Tamara Ugolini: Genomics expert discovers concerning contents in COVID vaccine vials w/ Kevin McKernan – WATCH & READ, CREDIT

• “Former research and development leader at the Human Genome Project has taken citizen science into his own hands to learn more about what exactly lurks in the vials of the novel COVID-19 injections.”

April 16, 2023 – Kevin’s Substack: Curious case of nucleocapsid encoding Plasmids colonizing Lab staff – READ

April 13, 2023 – Kevin on X: “David Wiseman forwarded me this Pfizer disclosed Vector from an EMA document. Shared it with us after we put our map public. Do you notice anything they left out of their EMA disclosure?” – TWEET, Rebel News – CREDIT

April 12, 2023 – Kevin’s Substack: Sequencing the Pfizer monovalent mRNA vaccines also reveals dual copy 72-bp SV40 Promoter – READ

March 30, 2023 – Anandimide substack | Kevin McKernan: DNA contamination in 8 vials of Pfizer monovalent mRNA vaccines – lot # FL8095 – all vials are contaminated with high amounts of DNA that is not supposed to be there – READ, Lot #FL8095 associated with 2 deaths and 1262 children injured – READ

• “8/8 monovalent vaccines sourced from a single case from a single lot of Pfizer monovalent vaccines all fail the EMA specification of 3030:1 RNA:DNA (330ng/mg DNA/RNA). They are over the limit by an order of magnitude (18-70 fold).”
• 2005 FDA Presentation: Issues Associated With Residual Cell-Substrate DNA (aka contamination) – Slides – PDF

March 25, 2023 – Good Morning CHD Ep 72 | Host Dr Jessica Rose: Contamination of mRNA COVID Products w/ Kevin McKernan (ref under video )- WATCH, Epoch Times – READ, video backup in ARCHIVE

• Microbiologist Kevin McKernan and his team recently discovered simian virus 40 (SV40) promoters in Pfizer’s and Moderna’s bivalent mRNA COVID shots. – REF
• PharmaFiles substack: Hard evidence of DNA Contaminants in Pfizer and Moderna’s “vaccines”- READ

March 22, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: Rapid Boil Prep for assessing the dsDNA contamination in the Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines – READ

March 18, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: The Med Gen qPCR assay for assessing Pfizer and Moderna DNA contamination – READ

March 17, 2023 – The way and the Truth and the Life: Science & Data Roundtable – Jessica Rose, Kevin McKernan, Stephanie Seneff, Jonothan Couey, Marc Girardot, John Beaudoin – WATCH

March 16, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: Fluorometer and UV spectra of purified Pfizer and Moderna vaccines – READ

March 15, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: DNase and RNase qPCR examination of Pfizer and Moderna bivalent vaccines – READ

March 14, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: Failure of the linearization reaction in the Pfizer bivalent vaccine manufacturing process – READ

March 12, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: Sequencing of RNase A treated Pfizer bivalent vaccines reveals paired-end sequencing evidence of circular plasmids and an inter-vial 72bp variation in the SV40 promoter. – READ

March 9, 2023 – Jessica Rose Substack: Follow up on DNA contamination of COVID-19 injectable products – READ, interview Mar 25 with Kevin McKernan – WATCH

• “Take Home Message: The left-over expression vectors used to manufacture the mRNAs are at contamination levels 100-fold higher than originally proposed and imply trillions of DNA molecules per dose. This has implications for integration into our genome.” – dsDNA
• Additional follow up – circular DNAs, as opposed to linear DNAs – READ

March 8, 2023 – Kevin McKernan Substack: Pfizer and Moderna bivalent vaccines contain 20-35% expression vector and are transformation competent in E.coli – READ

February 22, 2023 – Kevin McKernan – Why id Pfizer exclude Next Generation Sequencine (NGS) data from EMA? – TWEET, CREDIT

February 16, 2023 – Nepatalactone Newsletter: Deep sequencing of the Moderna and Pfizer bivalent vaccines identifies contamination of expression vectors designed for plasmid amplification in bacteria – READ

• “Dr. Kevin McKernan and his team who had subjected the mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna to deep sequencing analysis and found alarming levels of DNA contaminants known as plasmids.” – REF
• “To our knowledge, this is the first deep sequencing of these products and the first time expression plasmids have been discovered in the vaccines.
• These are potent contaminants in the vaccines being administered to children. Billions of these contaminants per injection is likely an under estimate of their the entire burden as these plasmids can self replicate in bacterial hosts…

2022

December 12, 2022 – Rounding the Earth with Mathew Crawford #15: Decentralized Peer Review – A Cryptocurrency Application (w/ Kevin McKernan) – WATCH

November 4, 2022 – Rounding The Earth: Synthetic Fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 – Alex Washburne and Kevin McKernan – WATCH, READ, CREDIT

• Alex Washburne, PhD and colleagues published a pre-print study laying out a case for SARS-CoV-2 being a synthetic pathogen; though, not necessarily for nefarious purposes.
  • Oct 20, 2022 -Preprint: Endonuclease Fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2 Bruttel et al – READ
  • “The argument that Bruttel et al. put forward was that SARs-CoV-2 was unique in its even distribution of certain enzyme cut sites that are commonly used with Golden Gate genome assembly strategies….”
• Jan 2023 – Smoking Gun re this paper in relation to DEFUSE revelations – READ

September 20, 2022 – Rounding the Earth with Mathew Crawford: Research Censorship – Round Table with Kevin McKernan and Jessica Rose –WATCH

July 11, 2022 – Rebel News w/ Tamara Ugolini: Genomics expert has paper about concerns about vaccine stability censored after favourable peer reveiw – WATCH & READ

• Paper: Differences in Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 Replication Derived mRNA: Implications for Cell Biology and Future Disease – READ (see Nov 2021)
• “The bases [of DNA] in the mRNA vaccines are not the same as the bases that are in the virus. They’re not only different in the sequence because of the codon optimization but they’re also different in that they included a chemically different nucleotide known as N1-methlypseudoridine,”
• “This means that when the cell tries to read the mRNA, there is potential for it to make a lot of mistakes which is what the authors wanted to investigate in the paper which, “sadly it led us in the direction that there is not a lot of data out there,”
• “McKernan refers back to a paper by Cheng et al that classifies the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a superantigen. “It has high similarity to a bio-weapon“
• “Another unknown was what exactly the vial contents of these novel injections were, until now….McKernan has independently discovered the SV-40 promoter in certain manufacturers’ vials”….which “he stumbled on this work by accident”

2021

November 25, 2021 – OSF Preprints: Differences in Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 Replication Derived mRNA:Implications for Cell Biology and Future Disease by McKernan, McCullough et al – READ, READ

February 16, 2021 – Bretigne WTMWD #50: Kevin McKernan on the review of the Corman-Drosten PCR methodology that he co-authored – WATCH, References READ, BACKUP

• Kevin talks about the broken peer review-system at @Eurosurveillanc & the numerous contradictions of Dr Stephen A Bustin (who reviewed our Retraction Request for the journal).

February 10, 2021 – Kevin McKernan on Twitter/X: Evidence of rigged Peer Review @Eurosurveillanc- TWEET, re Corman Drosten review Addendum

• Re PCR test: Dr Steven Bustin “You also have to ensure your SARS-CoV-2 primers don’t bind to each other, that there is no mistake in the sequence and they don’t bind to any other SARS virus (or any other virus)” – WATCH

January 2, 2021 – PCR Claims: Kevin McKernan – PCR testing insights – WATCH, BACKUP

I don’t think the public understands the boundaries of this PCR test…We really have to educate everybody that this test is not a meaningful measurement of the epidemiology of the disease

Kevin McKernan

2020

December 17, 2020 – CORMAN-DROSTEN REVIEW REPORT by International Consortium of Scientists in Life Sciences (ICSLS) – Addendum – ARCHIVE

• Cease and desist papers served on Prof. Dr. Christian Drosten by Dr. Reiner Fuellmich – ARCHIVE

November 27, 2020 – International Consortium of Scientists in Life Sciences (ICSLS) – Review report Corman-Drosten et al. Eurosurveillance 2020 – ARCHIVE

• “External peer review of the RTPCR test to detect SARS-CoV-2 reveals 10 major scientific flaws at the molecular and methodological level: consequences for false positive results.” Borger, McKernan, et al

October 26, 2020 – Kevin McKernan on Twitter: “The Live-Dead qRT-PCR problem, the testing industrial complex and its impact on society -I never thought the work I did for the human genome project would be weaponized to lock down society. We are now ruled by qPCR right and the transparency on the process is shameful – READ

The post Kevin McKernan first appeared on Totality of Evidence.

Australia’s Gene Technology Regulator did NOT assess the new gene technology vaccines

The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were 100% exempt of oversight by the Gene Technology Regulator because they did not fit the definition, but guess what AstraZeneca and J&J did.

In early 2021 I conducted a little research into Australia’s Gene Technology Act 2000 and it’s respective regulations the Gene Technology Regulations 2001 [1] in relation to assessing the new gene technology vaccines and what I found totally shocked me. I’ve been meaning to document this for some time, so here goes.

When I went to the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator’s (OGTR) website to look for their assessment documents for the brand new messenger RNA (mRNA) products, which their manufactures submitted to the TGA under the category “vaccine,” I could not find them.

Upon further investigation I realised these genetic vaccines were 100% exempt of assessment and oversight by Australia’s Gene Technology Regulator!

Wait what?

How could a new product that is based on gene technology be excluded from assessment by the very regulator that has “gene technology” in it’s name?

Both BioNTech-Pfizer and Moderna’s mRNA vaccines evaded assessment by the OGTR and went straight to the Therapeutic Goods Administrator (TGA).

But does the TGA even have the expertise to assess a genetic technology product and all it’s potential consequences to the environment? Maybe we’ll get back to that!

AstraZeneca & J& J were assessed

So I did find documents relating to both AstraZeneca’s new technology COVID-19 “vaccine” [DIR 180 [2, 3, 4] and Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine [DIR 182 [5]] at OGTR, in which I came to realised that the Gene Technology Regulator ONLY assess products that are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). Both A/Z and J&J have a virus vector – “an organism”. It is not clear if they actually assessed the genetic code for the spike protein.

The OGTR ONLY assess“ORGANISMS”!!!

It took a bit but after much digging, I came to the conclusion that the OGTR only assesses Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) with emphais of “organism”.

But that is not clear from the objective of the Act which states:

“The object of this Act is to protect the health and safety of people, and to protect the environment, by identifying risks posed by or as a result of gene technology and by managing those risks through regulation certain dealings with GMO’s.”

I’m not a lawyer, but I see the objective clearly has an “and” in relation to GMOs, it doesn’t state that “gene technology” is exclusive to “organisms”. Remember this Act was written in 2000 a time when biotechnology and nanotechnology were beginning to take off. (See more on that in the Totality of Evidence – TIMELINE.)

Protect the Environment

So if this regulator is set up to protect the enviroment from gene technology products, but mRNA vaccines are exempt of their oversight, who’s job is it then to assess environmental impact?

How much of the synthetic, pseudouridine-saturated mRNA genetic codes, the lipid nanoparticles (LNP) or the actual spike protein is getting excreted from the human body, down the toilet and into our waterways? Did anyone even look at this? What is the downstream consequences of this to the “health and safety of people” plus the impact on the environment. (That’s before we even look at them injecting mRNA into our livestock)

Given that this protein is likely constructed in a laboratory, does that not pose an even greater threat to the environment? At the very least did some regulator look at this?

So if it is not the Gene Technology Regulator’s job, then did the Therapeutic Goods Administrator (TGA) perform such an assessment? I don’t know the answer, but these are the questions I have.

Why is this bureaucratic department not called the “GMO Regulator”?

If GMO’s are all the Gene Technology Regulator assesses, would it not be more accurate to call them the GMO Regulator! On their website they certainly don’t make that clear, look at their front page, they assess “risks posed by gene technology”!

About the Regulator?

On the OGTR About page (Jan 2021) it states that one person is the Gene Technology Regulatory (GTR), who’s position lasts for 5 years, and was due to expire July 2021:

Dr [Rajumati] Raj Bhula is the Gene Technology Regulator, appointed for a period of five years commencing 18 July 2016. . She is responsible for administering the national regulatory system for gene technology as set out in the Act. The OGTR staff are part of the Department of Health.

It appears Dr Bhula was reappointed [6] again for another 5 years, ending in 2026 [7].

So like most regulators (so I am learning) they have advisory bodies to help guide their decisions. The Gene Technology Regulator has an advisory committee, GTTAC [8] and an ethics committee, GTECCC [9, 10].

It is stated that the Regulator seeks advice from the Gene Technology Technical Advisory Committee (GTTAC) on licence applications to work with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and on Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plans (RARMPs) prepared for applications

Intentional Release (DIR) of a GMO into the environment can involve a limited and controlled release (clinical trial or field trial) or a commercial (general) release.

This regulator is not set up to handle anything but GMOs!

Lets look at their assessment of AstraZeneca’s vector

In the case of AstraZeneca’s vaccine on January 7, 2021, the GTTAC determined [11] the product posed “negligible risk to people or the environment”. Based on what data it had at the time, especially for whether the DNA could “integrated into the human genome” or cause Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE)!

So interestingly if they look at ADE and gene integration for vector vaccines…they don’t just handball human safety assessment off to the TGA. That’s interesting.

I’m unclear if the assessment was only made on the virus vector, or whether they also considered the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein DNA code?

So lets look at some definitions in The Act

The Gene Technology Act 2000 defines gene technology as:

So gene technology is any technique for the modification of genes OR genetic material. So the gene tech process to make the product?

The definition of genetically modified organism (GMO):

So how do they define “organism”? Any biological entity that is capable of transferring genetic material, which meets one of three criteria, a, b or c.

“Any biological entity”:

The Act does not define “biological entity”, infact a word search show entity is only used once. But by definition is means the existance of something.

I’m wondering if there is a legal argument that mRNA COVID-19 products could fulfil the criteria for an “organism”? The existance of something which is biologically active which fulfils criteria (a), (b) OR (c):

• A synthetic Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) is biologically active, in that it fuses with cell walls to allow the transfer of genetic material into a cell – The LNP encapsulates mRNA which certainly assists it’s biological activity – waiting for fertile grond like a seed.
• Could mRNA encapsulated by LNP be a “biological entity”? It is “capable of transferring genetic material”, the mRNA code, from the “entity” into a cells cytoplasm, to then “reproduce” over and over the genetically modified protein it is designed to make – just like A/Z and J&J’s product in an overall sense, it does not reproduce itself, but what it is designed to make.
• The mRNA genetic sequence is “capable of success” in it’s purpose, which makes it “viable”. It is capable of hijacking ANY cell (thanks to the non-selective nature of the LNP) and forcing that cell to manufacture spike protein – so the “biological entity” is definitely “viable”, that alone fulfils (a).
• mRNA is possibly more viable than the virus vectors, due to the pseudouridine insertions, making it capable of reproducing proteins, possiblyd for at least 60 days maybe longer!

I think one could argue that the LNP plus mRNA, the components of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines do fulfil the definition of “organism”?

mRNA vaccine “entity” is no more “alive” than a virus, or vaccine virus vector. If the latter meets the definition then why not LNP/mRNA?

One more definition

A Genetically Modified (GM) product, is defined in the legislation as “a thing (other than a GMO) derived or produced from a GMO”.

We could look at this two ways. The product could be the genetically modified “spike protein” produced in the cell as a result of the mRNA GMO!

OR maybe we take it back a step, and consider the manufacturing process uses a GMO to produce the bulk mRNA.

Are you still with me?

To mass produce the mRNA, Pfizer (possibly Moderna) used genetically modified E.coli bacteria, with whith the spike antigen is “cloned in an E.coli plasmid vector” [12, 13]. The E. coli are mass produces mRNA – and DNA contaminants…something else the Gene Regulatory should be interested in! This is definitely a GMO step.

The harvested mRNA is then, “purified” and encapsulated by the LNP, It could be argued that the mRNA in this view is the GM product derived from GMO E.coli.

Maybe if we explain it like a plant:

The LNP encapsulated, genetically modified mRNA entity acts like “seeds”, which when it is “planted” in the human body, via an injection into the deltoid muscle, the seeds make their way throughout the “fertile garden” eventually making their way into the “soil” which is ANY cell. Inside the cell the mRNA forces the production “the growth stage” of a genetically modified product, the spike protein. It reproduces spike protein over and over – for as long as it is programmed to do.

Inadequate oversight in Australia

In my opinion, these mRNA product should have undergone oversight for by Australia’s Gene Technology Regulator!

The more I look the more I realise that currently Australia does NOT currently have a regulator in place, or certainly not cearly definded, to adequately assess new mRNA gene technology products, products that don’t easily fit the definition of “organism”, but which could be argued into that category.

Maybe mRNA should just self-identify as an organism! At least then they wouldn’t be left out!

Currently the TGA is solely responsible for ALL mRNA oversight – including environmental impact!

In the screenshot above for AstraZeneca the GTTAC committee state the TGA “has regulatory responsibility for evaluating the efficacy of the vaccine and patient safety.”

Why then did GTTAC look at ADE? Isn’t that the TGA’s job, as it is relavent to patient safety? Clearly there is some overlap for a product that makes it to the GTR’s desk.

If it can’t be argued that these mRNA products fulfil the definition of “organism” then the TGA are stuck assessing everything about these new gene technology products that the pharma companies have submitted under the product category of “vaccine”!

TGA Advisory Committee on Vaccines

Again, do the TGA have adequate expertise? The TGA Advisory Committee on Vaccines (ACV)[14] do all the assessment for vaccines.

If a vaccine has a GMO then the OGTR get involved:

The TGA is required to inform the Office of Gene Technology Regulator about applications for the supply of therapeutic goods that contain GMOs [15]

The GTR should argue that mRNA techonolgy products fulfil “organism” status….AT THE VERY LEAST WE SHOULD UPDATE THIS LEGISTRATION TO INCLUDE ALL GENE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS SUCH AS MRNA!!!

Compare the skills of the TGA vs OGTR’s advisory committee members:

• TGA vaccine advisory committee from late 2020 – HERE
• OGTR Gene Technology Technical Advisory Committee – HERE

I’d say its pretty clear the TGA are not experts in assessing genetic technology!

Have we grandfathered in mRNA oversight to the TGA BECAUSE of an “emergency”?

It seems obvious to me that mRNA gene-technology products labelled “vaccines” were forced into our country under the guise of an “emergency” without an appropriate regulatory system to assess their new and unique properties and downstream consequences.

They don’t easliy fit any existing regulation, that I am aware of.

Lets go back to June 21, 2001 when the Gene Technology Regulator Scheme was set up. It is written that regulation was :

Australia’s National Gene Technology Regulatory Scheme which regulates gene technology, arose from the need to provide regulatory coverage for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified (GM) products not regulated under existing regulatory schemes. [16]

As there was no existing means of regulating this new technology, the GTR was established. It has failed to capture the 2020 emerging genetic therapy technology.

Messenger RNA is a technology that was forced on Australia under an “emergency” and as such slipped into a March 2018 TGA clause called “PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION”.

Without the Theraputic Good Administration Act’s Provisional Registration provision, Australia WOULD NOT have had a pathway with which to FAST TRACK “approval” of mRNA vaccines in Australia.

In short, Australia has NO suitable regulator in place to cater to regulating the environmental consequences and broader human impact of these new form of gene technology products.

• With long-lasting pseudouridine-mRNA together with the LNP being transported to ANY cell in the body, it is highly probalby that vaccine byproducts are being excreted into the wastewater and the environment – at what cost.
• Who knows what other avenues of contamination we’ll discover

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I first started hearing about vaccines in food sometime in 2022 (maybe earlier) but didn’t have time to investigate, and kind of dismissed it as a bit far-fetched! But I am seeing more and more content on this topic in recent weeks so I stopped to take a look…and as such have started this page to collect those data points to capture the history, and the emerging information about “vaccines” or “foreign proteins” in our food supply, both plant and animal. Included also are emerging mRNA veterinary vaccines, as what goes into our pets, may also go into livestock, which the latter we consume.

How long has this been in the mind of Bill Gates scientists?

A Substack by Attorney Thomas Renz on April 3, 2023: Eat Your Vaccines!… I Mean Vegetables! … Said Bill Gates, has prompted me to launch this page.

Tom noted a September 2000 Scientific American article titles Edible Vaccines which showed the theory of how ingestible immunisation was in the minds of scientists starting in the mid 90’s, which was spurred on by The World Health Organisation asking to for help to solve a “health” crisis of under vaccination.

This is all happening around the time biotechnology and GMO was was beginning to expand and explore it’s possibilities. [Also explore 2000 timeline]

The 2000 article shows How to make an edible vaccine and theoretically how the plant can produce the antigen to allegedly stimulate your body to produced “memory” protection! This theory began in 1995 from when it was “established that plants could indeed manufacture foreign antigens in their proper conformations.”

So a question is, now that there is evidence the “vaccine” genetic message could possibly integrate into the host’s DNA, and that mRNA vaccines are being rolled out in livestock – what is the potential for that animal “vaccine” to produce an antigen protein, that when their flesh is consumed by humans, the person is then indirectly and unknowingly getting “vaccinated”? Or maybe from the salad eaten on the side!

Also review – Vaccine Platforms – HERE

• Australia’s vet product regulator APVMA – HERE, ARCHIVE

With these products/technologies in development, and already released, what happened to “informed consent”???

Links pertaining to “edible vaccines”, or livestock genetic vaccines – in reverse chronological order

This page is continuously being updated

2023

December 1, 2023 – Malone Substack: Modified mRNA Vaccines for Livestock and Cattle – An update with Drs. Brooke Miller, MD and Robert Malone, MD – WATCH & READ

October 26, 2023 – Sasha latypova Due Diligence Substack: Genetic Vaccines in Animals/Food Supply, Part 1 – Merck Sequivity – RNA particle swine vaccine approved by USDA in 2021 – READ, Part 2 – READ

• Cell transfecting vaccines (3rd generation) include include gene-based (DNA and RNA) vaccines, viral-vector platforms, and live or inactivated chimeric vaccines…many are currently used in animal vaccinations – including farmed fish.

October 3, 2023 – Epoch Times | Crossroads: Your Next Salad Could Vaccinate You – WATCH, EXCERPT

• September 27, 2023 – Vigilant Fox- Rep. Thomas Massie: “Transgenic Edible Vaccines”: Your Next Salad Could Vaccinate You – USDA and FDA research funding for edible vaccines restricted

September 30, 2023 – Gateway Pundit: HORRIFYING: Rep. Thomas Massie Exposes Taxpayer-Funded “Transgenic Edible Vaccines” Which Turns Edible Plants Like Lettuce and Spinach Into mRNA Vaccine Factories to Replace mRNA Shots – READ, TWEET, WATCH

September 14, 2023 – Vigilant Fox: Beef Company CEO: “I’ll Shut Down the Company Before We Ship a Single Bag With mRNA-Injected Meat” – States Jason Nelson, CEO of Prepper All Naturals – READ

August 15, 2023 – Senator Ralph Babet: Asks Minister for Agriculture ( Hon. Murray Watt) about mRNA being injected into Australian livestock intended for human consumption – WATCH

• Currently no mRNA vaccines registered for use in livestock in Australia, and no mandatory vaccines under the Biosecurity Act.
• Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) have funded a project which is currently being undertaken by NSW govt. – trial underway in Canada to determine whether “safe and effective for animals”…not for consumption
• The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) has the role of evaluating safety and efficacy of veterinary vaccines and chemicals before registering them for use [good to know]. They are also responsible for food labelling – EXCERPT
  • Minister defering to “mRNA is a natural part of bodies”, neglecting that modified mRNA is not natural.
  • Re mandatory in the future to inject mRNA products into livestock “No” – EXCERPT

June 16, 2023 – Bannons War Room Episode 2813: Dr. Peter McCullough: “We need a complete ban on Messenger RNA moving into livestock” – WATCH, FULL

June 14, 2023 – Spectator Australia: mRNA vaccines fast-tracked for Australian agriculture – READ

May 4, 2023 – Colleen Huber Substack | The Defeat of COVID: mRNA Vaccines in Food? Don’t Worry – COVID vaccines containing the most stable lipid nanoparticles have resulted in the most vaccine injuries. So how can we scrub those lipids down if they arrive to our food? – READ Are edible vaccines a threat?

May 2, 2023 – Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA): MLA funds mRNA technology project to rapidly produce emergency animal disease vaccines – READ, CREDIT, Hinted to in October 2022 – READ

• Sold as: “Next-generation (mRNA-based) vaccine technologies may provide a game-changing approach to emergency disease preparedness.” as “Live vaccines cannot be imported to Australia.”
• “This project will develop a mRNA vaccine pipeline initially for [lumpy skin disease] LSD, but potentially for other emergency diseases,” said Michael Laurence, MLA’s Program Manager for Animal Wellbeing….”Success of this project might provide a pilot vaccine suitable for use in Australia in less than two years,”” But it is an “over-arching five-year program”
• “The program includes mRNA vaccine development for the two main strains of foot-and-mouth disease as well as exotic Bovine pestivirus and Border disease in sheep…”
  • [sold as for “emergency” use then rolled into all jabs, just as it has for COVID-19, now human vaccines for influenza, RSV etc are becoming mRNA based]

April 25, 2023 – CHD with Dawn Richardson: Vaccinated Through the Food Supply: “Transmissible mRNA Vaccines Are a Thing” – with Thomas Renz – WATCH, Genetic Manipulation + Informed Consent With Attorney Tom Renz – READ

“There was a study out of China. They injected a cow with an mRNA vaccine; that cow’s milk then vaccinated the mice that were in the study,”

reported Attorney Tom Renz

April 21, 2023 – McGill: Gene-Therapied Pork or the Fear of RNA Vaccines in Livestock – Some pigs are immunized using RNA vaccines, which anti-vaxxers are claiming are not tested for safety and could harm us. This is not true. – READ “Joe Mercola, snake oil salesman supreme” [Remeber the true snake oil salesman was “Devil Bill” Rockefeller! ]

April 19, 2023 – Modern Farmer: Plant Vaccines Delivered Via Microneedle Could Offer Alternative To Chemical Spraying – READ

• “Scientists have developed the first silk microneedle to deliver drugs to plants.” – PAPER
• “Imagine a world where on-farm robots can deliver tiny injections into each plant, rendering crops resistant to the latest disease or rampant pest….This is how a group of biomaterial scientists and engineers are envisioning the future of crops after developing the first microneedle-based drug delivery technique for plants.”

April 17, 2023 – Tom REnz Substack: mRNA IS in Food – There’s ONLY 1 Way to Stop This – READ

April 17, 2023 – Courageous Discourse Substack: Veterinary Replicon Vaccines – Massive Genetic Effort in Veterinary Medicine Described as “Elegant” – READ

• “Compared with human medicine, veterinary medicine is far ahead in genetic vaccine technologies. One of the reasons is that the life cycle of a livestock is sufficiently short that clinical studies simply aim to demonstrate efficacy with reasonable safety as a secondary goal.”
• “…self-replicating viral RNAs (replicon vaccines) have been developed”

April 16, 2023 – Community Hubb: Vaccines in your salad? Scientists growing medicine-filled plants to replace injections – READ, CREDIT

April 14, 2023 – Courageous Discourse Substack: Edible Vaccines: Promises and Challenges – Vaccine Ideology has Crept into Food Delivery Mechanisms over Recent Years – READ

April 3, 2023 – Tom Renz’s Substack: Eat Your Vaccines!… I Mean Vegetables! … Said Bill Gates – and Missouri HB1169 Bill to stop it – READ

April 2, 2023 – Daily Clout | Dr Naomi Wolf: mRNA Gene Therapy Is Coming to the Food Supply: What We Can Do About it w/ Attorney Tom Renz – WATCH, READ, READ2

April 2, 2023 – Tom Renz on Twitter: BREAKING NEWS: the lobbyists for the cattleman and pork associations in several states have CONFIRMED they WILL be using mRNA vaccines in pigs and cows THIS MONTH. – TWEET

January 24, 2023 – Malone Institute: mRNA Vaccines in Livestock and Companion Animals are here now – READ

January 12, 2023 – Robert Malone Substack: mRNA Vaccines in Livestock and Companion Animals are here now – READ, Why are we not able to view the clinical trials involving animal health?

2022

December 20, 2022 – Preprint: An oral vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 RBD mRNA-bovine milk-derived exosomes induces a neutralizing antibody response in vivo – Zhang et al – READ, ARCHIVE

October 26, 2022 – Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA): Op-ed – Investing in vaccine development and strategies to protect our industry- by Managing Director of MLA! – READ – Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) gets the “foot” in the door for justifying mRNA vaccines…

• In August 2022 – “University of Melbourne’s Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis modelled the current risk [of FMD] at an 11% chance of incursion” allegedly “many people are asking the question: why are we not vaccinating livestock now?”
• “Guided by the [Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan] AUSTVETPLAN, the decision on what approach to take in the event of an outbreak is made by the Consultative Committee on Emergency Animal Disease (CCEAD). The CCEAD is a coordinating body providing the technical link between industry, the Australian Government, and state and territory governments for decision making during animal health emergencies”
• “We are also investing in cutting edge science to boost industry’s preparedness, having selected a vaccine for LSD as the first topic for research into mRNA vaccines. We are working with a range of research partners on this initiative.”
• “…a new vaccine would need to go through regulatory approvals” [Good to know! Which begs the question what is the regulatory pathway for an agricultural vaccine?]
• “MLA is providing $1.3 million in funding to an Indonesian FMD vaccine support project” looking ar mRNA vaccines for FMD – REF, Funding announced Aug 2022 – READ

October 17, 2022 – Advanced Materials: Drug Delivery in Plants Using Silk Microneedles – Cao et al – READ, CREDIT

September 28, 2022 – NSW Gov | Minister for Agriculture: NSW fast tracks mRNA FMD [Food and Mouth Disease] and Lumpy Skin Disease vaccines – Tiba Biotech – ARCHIVE A “biosecurity investment” of $65 million.

• “…an important milestone towards securing the vaccine technology that will protect Australia’s $28.7 billion livestock industry” want vaccines ready by August 2023!
• “COVID-19 demonstrated to us that all possible avenues in developing vaccines must be explored and we will leave no stone unturned.”!!
• “This type of vaccine technology may not require the longer testing and approval processes required for conventional vaccine development and importation as it does not use animal products” [Why?]

September 27, 2022 – TIBA BioTech: A Foot and Mouth Disease mRNA Vaccine Deal Has Been Signed Between the NSW Government and US Company Tiba Biotech – READ, ARCHIVE, CREDIT

August 11, 2022 – Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA): A message on biosecurity from the MLA Managing Director – READ, RE: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and lumpy skin disease (LSD) – WEBPAGE

• “Australia is currently free from FMD and LSD and it’s our top priority to keep it that way”
  • [and there allegedly is “No specific treatment… available for FMD virus–infected animals.” -AUSVETPLAN PDF]
  • MLA Fact Sheet on vaccines for cattle (pub. June 2021), no mention of mRNA vaccines – PDF, ARCHIVE
• Sparked by recent cases of FMD and LSD in Indonesia and Bali – Australia can now justify investing in mRNA vaccines! First by funding development in Indonesia [see how it is done?!]
• [Just a reminder re FMD – Imperial Model czar Prof. Neil Ferguson got it wrong in 2001 – TIMELINE]

July 12, 2022 – Animal Health Australia: Vaccines for Lumpy Skin Disease: where are we at? – READ, ARCHIVE [Setting up the “New Era” for mRNA vaccines in Australia]

February 14, 2022 – Viruses: mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases – Le et al – READ, CREDIT

• “Recently, the successful application of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has further validated the platform and opened the floodgates to mRNA vaccine’s potential in infectious disease prevention, especially in the veterinary field.
• We also provide an overview of mRNA vaccines developed for animal infectious diseases and discuss directions and challenges for the future applications of this promising vaccine platform in the veterinary field.”
• [What is the consequences when mRNA generated proteins and LNP flood the waterways?, What industry body assures that safety? It certainly is NOT the Gene Technology Regulator – they only look at GMOs]

January 6, 2022 – Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan – AUSVETPLAN – A NEW ERA – READ, ARCHIVE, MLA- CREDIT – guiding mRNA vaccine introduction into Aust.

January 2, 2022 – SciTech Daily: Grow and Eat Your Own Vaccines? Using Plants As mRNA Factories – READ, CREDIT

• “The future of vaccines may look more like eating a salad than getting a shot in the arm. UC Riverside scientists are studying whether they can turn edible plants like lettuce into mRNA vaccine factories”

2021

September 16, 2021 – News Medical Life Sciences; Researchers aim to develop edible plant-based mRNA vaccines – READ

September 16, 2021 – Study Finds: Vaccines in your salad? Scientists growing medicine-filled plants to replace injections – READ

• The University of California-Riverside “team says if they’re successful, the public could eat plant-based mRNA vaccines — which could also survive at room temperature.”

September 16, 2021 – University of California: Grow and eat your own vaccines? – “The future of vaccines may look more like eating a salad than getting a shot in the arm” – READ, ARCHIVE

• “Experimental mRNA vaccines will be edible, Juan Pablo Giraldo, an associate professor in UCR’s Department of Botany and Plant Sciences who is leading the research explained in a press release – (Gateway Pundit) REF
• “Ideally, a single plant would produce enough mRNA to vaccinate a single person,” said Juan Pablo Giraldo, an associate professor in UCR’s Department of Botany and Plant Sciences who is leading the research, done in collaboration with scientists from UC San Diego and Carnegie Mellon University. “
• Project grant $500,000 from the National Science Foundation

“We are testing this approach with spinach and lettuce and have long-term goals of people growing it in their own gardens,” … “Farmers could also eventually grow entire fields of it.”

Giraldo said.

“Our idea is to repurpose naturally occurring nanoparticles, namely plant viruses, for gene delivery to plants,” Steinmetz said. “Some engineering goes into this to make the nanoparticles go to the chloroplasts and also to render them non-infectious toward the plants.”

• Also “The National Science Foundation has granted Giraldo and his colleagues $1.6 million to develop… targeted nitrogen delivery technology” into chloroplasts.

July 8, 2021 – National Geographic: Your next vaccine could be grown in a tobacco plant – Long-awaited plant-based vaccine technology could help COVID-19 shots reach developing countries – READ, ARCHIVE

• [The Justification] “The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed glaring gaps in the world’s current vaccine production capacities. Conventional vaccine manufacturing is costly and complex.”…”Conventional vaccines also have to be kept cold, some as cold as -76 degrees Fahrenheit…”
• “Although there are no plant-based vaccines available for human use, several are in the pipeline.”
• July 2021 – “Medicago, a Canadian biotechnology company, has developed a plant-based COVID-19 vaccine that is currently in phase three clinical trials.” – PIPELINE
  • Medicago “Leading the way in plant-based vaccine technology” – REF
  • Canada “…plant-derived adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccine candidate rolling submission on April 19, 2021.” – REF
    • “Medicago’s plant-derived vaccine candidate against COVID-19 uses Coronavirus-Like-Particle (CoVLP) technology with the vaccine composed of recombinant spike (S) glycoprotein expressed as virus-like-particles (VLPs) co-administered with GSK’s pandemic adjuvant. Two doses of 3.75 micrograms of CoVLP are administered 21 days apart.”
    • “On March 12, 2020, Medicago announced the successful production of Virus-Like Particle (VLPs) of the coronavirus just 20 days after obtaining the SARS-CoV-2 (virus causing the COVID-19 disease) gene. Production of VLPs is the first step in developing a vaccine against COVID-19 before preclinical testing for safety and efficacy.” – REF
• “South Korean government has invested $13.5 billion toward plant-based vaccine research” – REF
• December 2021 “Kentucky BioProcessing, the U.S. biotechnology wing of the British American Tobacco Company, announced its plant-based COVID-19 vaccine was entering phase one clinical trials”
• October 2021 “Japanese-owned Icon Genetics GmbH launched phase one clinical trials for its plant-derived norovirus vaccine” [Noroviruses are responsible for approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. – REF]
• “By one estimate, the plant-based vaccine market value is predicted to rise from $40 to $600 million over the next seven years.”

“The plant-made vaccine industry has been moving slowly but surely forward….What I am really hoping is that [a vaccine to COVID-19] opens the floodgates for new advances in plant-made vaccine development, because now we will see some successes.”

Kathleen Hefferon, professor of microbiology at Cornell University

• “Plant-based vaccines eliminate the need for bioreactors because they themselves are the bioreactors. Plants can be grown in climate-controlled, pharmaceutical-grade greenhouses ….The agrobacteria in this greenhouse are altered to contain a small piece of DNA from the influenza or COVID-19 virus. While the plants are submerged, a small vacuum sucks at the plant’s roots causing the leaves to collapse and shrivel up. A few seconds later, the vacuum is released, causing the leaves to re-expand and, like a sponge, soak up the liquid carrying the agrobacteria, which spread throughout the entire vascular structure of the plant.”…”The agrobacteria transfer the viral DNA to the plant cells, which then make millions of copies of virus-like particles that serve as antigens but are not infectious.” – WATCH
• “lettuce-based vaccines for humans and animals are under development, but none have advanced to clinical trials” – Henry Daniell, researcher at the University of Pennsylvania [NIH & Gates Foundation funding]
  • “an emerging new concept, freeze-dried plant cells (lettuce) expressing biopharmaceuticals (fused with transmucosal carriers) are protected in the stomach from acids/enzymes but are released to the circulatory or immune system when plant cell walls are digested by microbes that colonize the gut.”

The justification – WHO statement – [with NO citations] – ARCHIVE

July 6, 2021 – Tim Truth: MAGNET MEAT?! Many Cases Popping Up Of Magnets Sticking To Package Meat. Contaminated Food Supply?! – Compilation of videos – WATCH

• Consider this: mRNA products used for domestic animals destined for the supermarket shelf, and compare it to the magnetism phenomeon in people around the same time – HERE

June 8, 2021 – Merck PRESS RELEASE: Merck Animal Health Expands its SEQUIVITY® Platform to include Sapovirus – New Vaccine Solves for Emerging Enteric Disease in Young Pigs – READ, Swine products – WEB

June 4, 2021 – Global News Wire: Global Plant-based Vaccines Market to Surpass US$ 584.1 Million by 2028, Says Coherent Market Insights (CMI) – READ, CREDIT

April 15, 2021 – Frontiers in Veterinary Science: Novel Vaccine Technologies in Veterinary Medicine: A Herald to Human Medicine Vaccines – Aida et al – “a review of commercially available novel vaccine technologies currently utilized in companion animal, food animal, and wildlife disease control.” – READ

• “The efficacy of inactivated vaccines can be suboptimal with particular pathogens and safety concerns arise with live-attenuated vaccines.” [Really!! now they tell us!]
• “Additionally, the rate of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase and with that the need to quickly deploy new vaccines. [Justification!] Unfortunately, first generation vaccines are not conducive to such urgencies.”
• “These third generation vaccines, including DNA, RNA and recombinant viral-vector vaccines, induce both humoral and cellular immune response, are economically manufactured, safe to use, and can be utilized to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals.”

2020

October 13, 2020 – Lancet: First human efficacy study of a plant-derived influenza vaccine – Tregoning – READ, CREDIT

• “In 2018, Medicago’s flu vaccine was the first in the world to complete phase three clinical trials.” – REF

August 28, 2020 – Canadian Cattlemen Magazine: Vet Advice: mRNA transforms science behind vaccine development – READ

• “SARS-CoV-2, the agent implicated in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, pried doors open for a new generation of vaccine development, the newest being messenger RNA (mRNA) technology.”

2019

November 22, 2019 – Molecular Biotechnology: Edible Vaccines: Promises and Challenges – Kurup & Thomas – READ, CREDIT

• “But the main challenge faced by edible vaccine is its acceptance by the population so that it is necessary to make aware the society about its use and benefits.”
• “In January 2005, WHO conducted a meeting regarding the regulatory evaluation of plant-based vaccine. The meeting ended up by concluding that the existing guidelines for development, evaluation, and use of vaccines made by conventional methods can be applied in the production of edible vaccines.”

January 31, 2019 – Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research | South Korea: A national project to build a business support facility for plant-derived vaccine – Choi & Kim – READ, ARCHIVE, CREDIT

• “For the first time in South Korea, a facility to produce plant-derived vaccines and support bio-venture companies will be built in Pohang, Gyeongbuk Province…” for $13.5 billion
• “Plant-derived vaccine is a recombinant protein (antigen) produced by introducing disease-causing gene to plant organism or plant cells, and it has been reported to be more safe, economical, and fast-paced compared to the existing vaccine production platforms such as egg white and/or mammalian cells”
  • 2006, a chicken Newcastle disease vaccine made from carrot cells was first approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) – PAPER
  • 2012 a human Gaucher disease treatment from carrot cells was first approved by the U.S. FDA – PAPER
  • 2013, Japan developed a dog periodontal treatment using interferon-producing genetically modified strawberries
  • 2014, ZMapp, a treatment for Ebola disease was produced in tobacco, greatly increased the world’s interest in plant-derived pharmaceuticals
• “plant-derived vaccines are emerging as a way to prevent and treat rapidly spreading epidemic, including livestock diseases. For example, if you produce a flu vaccine, it takes about six months with egg white, while a plant-derived vaccine can be produced within a month, so you can respond quickly to a rapidly spreading epidemic. And there is no risk of spreading pathogens because plant-derived vaccines are produced through the introduction of recombinant genes, and it is possible to produce about 50 doses of flu vaccine per tobacco plant.”

2018

December 21, 2018 – Plant Biotechnology Journal: Cold chain and virus-free oral polio booster vaccine made in lettuce chloroplasts confers protection against all three poliovirus serotypes – Daniell et al – READ, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP1031406- Also funded other STUDIES

November 13, 2018 – Frontiers in Immunology: A Preliminary Study of a Lettuce-Based Edible Vaccine Expressing the Cysteine Proteinase of Fasciola hepatica for Fasciolosis Control in Livestock – Wesolowska et al – READ

• “Oral vaccination with edible vaccines is one of the most promising approaches in modern vaccinology. Edible vaccines are an alternative to conventional vaccines…Here, freeze-dried transgenic lettuce expressing the cysteine proteinase of the trematode Fasciola hepatica (CPFhW) was used to orally vaccinate cattle and sheep against fasciolosis,…”

July 24, 2018 – Government of Canada: Environmental assessment for Merck Animal Health’s RNA Particle Prescription Products for Swine Influenza and other disease agents – READ

June 8, 2018 – Global Ag Media: 2018 World Pork Expo: Merck Animal Health Launches SEQUIVITY – Joe Roder, DVM, technical services manager, Merck Animal Health – WATCH, ARCHIVE,

• PigSite: Merck Animal Health Introduces SEQUIVITY Technology – READ
• “After receiving the sequence, it is synthesised into RNA and inserted into the SEQUIVITY platform, which generates RNA particles. When injected in the animal, these particles provide instructions to the immune cells to translate the sequence into proteins which act as antigens.”

June 6, 2018 – Merck PRESS RELEASE: Merck Animal Health Introduces SEQUIVITY Technology – Provides swine producers disease specific vaccines to protect herd health – “This innovative and highly advanced RNA Particle Technology is used to create flexible, safe and precise vaccine solutions to new and evolving disease challenges.” – READ, ARCHIVE, CREDIT

• 2018: Merck WHITE PAPER: Sequivity RNA Particle Technology – Revolutionizing vaccine production – “RNA vaccines, a new class of vaccines, rely on a different way to present an antigen” – an electronic gene sequence is utilized – PDF, ARCHIVE
  • BIOLOGICALS OF THE FUTURE –AVAILABLE TODAY
• [Note: Since launching this page in April 2023, Merck has deleted all pages that refer to Sequevity? – SEARCH, or maybe changed domain name?]

• “Millions of doses of the SEQUIVITY vaccine platform have safely been used by veterinarians in swine herds for more than ten years since the USDA first issued the license in 2012.” – PDF, ARCHIVE,
  • Licensed under the name Intervet Inc. now Merck Animal Health – ARCHIVE
    • USDA license 165A-19A5R8 – HERE, based on this data –HERE
    • 2010 huge Animal Health JV – READ
    • [The 2012 claim I’ve traced to the acquasition of Harrisvaccines who founded the technology- READ]

May 10, 2018 – PLOS One: Controlling epidemics with transmissible vaccines – by Nuismer et al – READ [not “edible” but in the ball park of without “informed consent”], Tom Renz – CREDIT

• “Transmissible vaccines are capable of spreading from one individual to another and are currently being developed for a range of infectious diseases.”

2017

October 12, 2017 – Trends in Microbiology: Transmissible Viral Vaccines – Bull, & Nuismer et al – READ, PDF, CREDIT

• “Genetic engineering now enables the design of live viral vaccines that are potentially transmissible…Transmission has the benefit of increasing herd immunity above that achieved by direct vaccination alone but also increases the opportunity for vaccine evolution, which typically undermines vaccine utility.”

February 8, 2017 – Annual Review of Animal Biosciences: Veterinary Replicon Vaccines – Hikke & Pijlam – READ, CREDIT

2016

May 10, 2016 – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News: Bayer Partners with BioNTech to Develop mRNA Vaccines, Drugs for Animal Health – READ, Food stuff – READ, CREDIT

April 15, 2016 – Iowa State University: Harrisvaccines Leading the Industry in the Heartland – READ

• The company was founded by Dr. Hank Harris and Dr. Matt Erdman in 2005, and is located in the Iowa State University Research Park – Joint patents with ISU.
• Harrisvaccines is making breakthroughs … a new age approach to the development of vaccines that has turned traditional immunology methods on an ear.”
• “It wasn’t until they connected with a human vaccine producer in North Carolina, Alphavax, that they were able to get the technology licensed.”…”it took more than six years for the technology to gain USDA approval” which “cleared the way for “overnight” success.”

March 15, 2016 – Merck Animal Health Press Release: Harrisvaccines Receives Production Platform Vaccine Licensure First of its Kind Granted by USDA – ARCHIVE, READ, READ, READ, Also see Edible Vaccines – HERE

• Merck Animal Health today announced that its recent acquisition, Harrisvaccines, has been granted licensure of its Prescription Product, RNA Particle (RP) vaccine platform from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). This first-of-its-kind USDA license approves the company’s innovative production platform and allows for the manufacturing of herd-specific, custom vaccines prescribed by a licensed veterinarian.
• “The vaccine platform and production process used is exactly the same for any disease. The only thing that differs is the gene [RNA sequence] inside the vaccine.” -SerraVax platform REF

2015

November 2015 – ResearchGate: Plant-based vaccines for animals and humans: Recent advances in technology and clinical trials – Takeyama et al – READ

• “The progress toward commercialization of plant-based vaccines takes much effort and time, but several candidate vaccines for use in humans and animals are in clinical trials. “

November 12, 2015 – Merck Press Release: Acquisition Expands and Complements Merck Animal Health’s Strong Vaccine Portfolio – READ, READ, CREDIT, Merck Plans Takeover of Harrisvaccines a 10-year-old company from Ames, Iowa – READ, FiercePharma – READ

• Acquire Harrisvaccines Inc., a privately-held company that develops, manufactures and sells vaccines for food production and companion animals.
• “Harrisvaccines offers innovative technology and an important portfolio of vaccines, with a focus on production animals, an increasingly important segment as consumer demand for protein continues to grow worldwide. The company has a unique RNA Particle technology which represents a breakthrough in vaccine development.”
• The company made headlines in 2013 upon winning government approval of a vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) and this past fall for the conditional license of a vaccine targeting highly pathogenic avian influenza.” – REF
• Just 4 months (March 15, 2016) later the USDA grants the RP Vaccine Technology PLATFORM full licensure – READ, READ

October 15, 2015 – Vet Practice News: U.S. Orders Stockpile of Avian Flu Vaccine – Harrisvaccines and Ceva Animal Health – READ

September 21, 2015 – USDA Approves Avian Influenza Vaccine – Harrisvaccines – “Avian Influenza Vaccine, RNA uses SirraVax RNA Particle Technology, which permits researchers to adjust the drug to fight future strains.” – READ

May 21, 2015 – National Hog Farmer: Designing a vaccine – READ

• Harrisvaccines is pioneering the commercialization of a novel way to make a vaccine using just a part of a virus. They call it SirraVax RNA Particle, and it’s a technology platform that uses as its backbone a simple virus called an alphavirus” [selling the new technology to the pig farmer]
• “That digital sequence is what goes to Harrisvaccines for development of the vaccine. The specific gene for a virus is placed into the company’s RNA platform where it is then electroporated into Vero cells — a common mammal cell used in labs. The targeted RNA particles are grown in the Vero cells, and then harvested and purified to make the final vaccine.”
• June 10, 2015 – Dr Hank Harris, CEO of Harrisvaccines named Strategic Growth Forum® Entrepreneur Of The Year® 2015 Award Winner – READ

2014

June 17, 2014 – Vet Practice News: Harrisvaccines’ PEDv Vaccine Wins Conditional License – porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) – using SirraVax RNA Particle Technology – READ

• “The U.S. Department of Agriculture conditional license — the first granted for a PEDv vaccine — allows Harrisvaccines to sell the vaccine directly to veterinarians and swine producers”…”The company has sold nearly 2 million doses through veterinary prescription since the vaccine was released”
• “The vaccine was introduced in August 2013 under the brand name iPED and quickly gained favor among veterinarians and pork producers. The newly licensed vaccine was renamed Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine, RNA, which reflects its SirraVax RNA Particle Technology.”
• The emergency use RNA vaccine was developed in days after Spike gene sequence from China was released!

2013

October 29, 2013 – Press Release: Harrisvaccines, Inc. Secures Exclusive Rights From AlphaVax, Inc. to Develop RNA Particle Vaccines for All Diseases in Companion Animals – READ

• expanded its exclusive license agreement with AlphaVax, Inc. to include all companion animals diseases
• AlphaVax uses a specialized viral vector system to make alphavirus replicon vaccines called alphavaccines – REF

October 22, 2013 – Advances in Biotechnology: Edible Vaccines by Saxena & Rawat (India) – READ

• “In recent years edible vaccine emerged as a new concept developed by biotechnologists. Edible vaccines are subunit vaccines where the selected genes are introduced into the plants and the transgenic plant is then induced to manufacture the encoded protein.
• “Edible vaccines present exciting possibilities for significantly reducing various diseases such as measles, hepatitis B, cholera, diarrhea, etc., mainly in developing countries.” [The developing countries are always the trial “guinea pigs” and used to justify such a technology introduction!]

2012

October 24, 2012 – Harrisvaccines to produce RNA for human vaccines against Ebola, Marburg – Defense Contract – READ, CREDIT

September 20, 2012 – Press Release: Harrisvaccines Announces United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) licensure of the company’s RNA Particle (RP) Platform technology swine flu vaccine, approved by the Department’s Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB) for disease caused by swine influenza virus (SIV) H3N2 – The vaccine is the first to be licensed by the USDA CVB that utilizes RNA Particle Technology – READ, TIMELINE, REF1, REF2, Harrisvaccines – ARCHIVE

• In 2009 when the license application was submitted to the USDA, they didn’t have an established category into which this new technology product would fit! – REF
• The company also received “United States Veterinary Biologics Establishment License, #592, which approves the Ames-based facility for future manufacture of new vaccines for a broader spectrum of veterinary applications from swine and cattle to companion animal and farmed aquaculture.” – REF
• “We are built to rapidly respond to pandemics as they come into the herd….When the H1N1 virus presented itself we were able to develop a custom vaccine in weeks and were the first to get it to market.”
  • Harrisvaccines employs their unique SirraVax^SM RNA Particle (RP) technology platform to develop rapid-response, herd-specific products for animal diseases. – REF
  • Alliance signed with Aplhavax in 2005 for rights to use their platform – REF
  • Harrisvaccines Website – ARCHIVE
• Merck: Millions of doses of the SEQUIVITY vaccine platform have safely been used in swine herds for more than ten years since the USDA first issued the license in 2012 – REF, also – PDF, ARCHIVE
  • Merck acquired Harrisvaccines in Nov. 2015
• In 2010 Harrisvaccines were sponsored by 21st IPVS Congress – ARCHIVE,

2010

June 24, 2010 – Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences: Plant-Based Vaccines for Protection Against Infectious and Autoimmune Diseases – Carter & Langridge – READ

2007

April 14, 2007 – Transgenic Research: Production of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies for veterinary applications in transgenic plants: an overview – Floss et al – READ, CREDIT

2006

May 2002 – Harrisvaccines Inc. is co-founded by Dr. Hank Harris and Matt Erdman (Postdoctoral Researcher at the time) who is appointed the Chief Technical Officer – READ

February 14, 2006 – PharmExec: The First Plant-Derived Vaccine Approved for Chickens – READ

• “In what is likely the first approval of its kind, the Department of Agriculture gave the thumbs up to a plant-derived vaccine that inoculates chickens against the lethal Newcastle disease. Dow AgroSciences, the vaccine’s manufacturer, said it was the first plant-derived vaccine approved in the world.”

2005

November 2005 – Harrisvaccines Inc. and Iowa State University filed a provisional patent – ARCHIVE

• “While working as researchers at Iowa State University (ISU) in 2005, Harrisvaccines scientists (Drs. Harris and Erdman), discovered that two of the PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome) surface protein structures allowed the virus to ‘cloak’ itself from the pig’s immune system. These proteins were determined to be the Protective Antigenic Determinants (PAD) for the inducement of antibodies to prevent the PRRS virus in pigs; thus making the proteins the basis for creating a vaccine. Iowa State University filed a provisional patent based on these findings in November of 2005, which has consequently been issued and exclusively licensed to Harrisvaccines.”
• During 2005 Erdman noted that AlphaVax’s replicon platform would be “a good match for delivering the ISU PAD (viral protein elements) as a vaccine”…”Thus, an alliance between the ISU and North Carolina scientists was formed for collaborative research.  Subsequently, an evaluation agreement between AlphaVax and Harrisvaccines was signed.”
• “During the evaluation agreement, it was shown by Harrisvaccine scientists that a human vaccine prepared at AlphaVax for influenza would protect pigs against the influenza virus as well.  This was the first time that the replicon technology had been used in pigs. 
• In 2007, Harrisvaccines and AlphaVax signed an agreement for a field of use exclusive license for the replicon technology to be used in swine for vaccines for PRRS and Swine Influenza (SIV).”

January 24-25, 2005 – WHO Informal consultation on scientific basis for regulatory evaluation of candidate human vaccines from plants – READ, ARCHIVE, PDF

2004

June 23, 2004 – Vaccine: A corn-based delivery system for animal vaccines: an oral transmissible gastroenteritis virus vaccine boosts lactogenic immunity in swine by Lamphear et al – READ, CREDIT, author associated with Oragen Technologies – WEB

• “Recombinant plant expression systems offer a means to produce large quantities of selected antigens for subunit vaccines”!
• “Oral administration of vaccines has the potential to greatly cut the cost and increase the safety of vaccine delivery. In the case of human vaccines, avoiding the use of needles reduces equipment costs, removes the requirement for trained medical personnel to supervise delivery and eliminates safety concerns associated with needle disposal.” [The justification!]

May 12, 2004 – Biosafety Information Centre: Eat up your vaccines – READ, ARCHIVE, Lists edible vaccine trials underway, Naked DNA in ref – HERE

• “There are also considerable risks related to the possibility of a genetically engineered vaccine virus engaging in recombinations with naturally-occurring relatives.” [Like gain-of-function potential, or simply antigen toxicity]
• “These short pieces of DNA are readily taken up by cells of all species, and may become integrated into the cell’s genetic material. … these small DNA fragments can be taken up by cells and multiply and mutate indefinitely. They are known to have significant and harmful biological effects”
• “Upon release or escape to the wrong place at the wrong time, horizontal gene transfer with unpredictable biological and ecological effects is a very serious, and as yet unregulated, hazard.”
• “Antibiotics and traditional vaccines already contribute to horizontal gene transfer. Recombinant vaccines, like those that would be used in edible vaccines, would exacerbate such transfer. This is a serious concern for the release of any genetically manipulated organism, but particularly worrisome in the case of vaccines, because of their disease-causing potential.”…”The ecological and environmental risks of edible vaccines seem to have received little attention, despite the fact that they present major hazards”
• “The risks associated with edible vaccines are particularly worrisome given the medical community’s blind faith in vaccination in general and its seeming unwillingness to take seriously evidence that has been accumulating related to vaccine safety (such as the rise of autoimmune diseases)”
• “Regulators are trying to figure out how to deal with plants engineered to produce drugs….But, as with releases of all genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the parameters considered in determining a product’s ‘safety’ are extremely limited, and do not inspire confidence in dealing with the many and varied risks associated with edible vaccines.”
• “In Melbourne, Australia, CSIRO has grown a measles-fighting tobacco plant and has begun pilot studies with oral plant-based vaccines for malaria and HIV.”

2001

February 2001 [?]: Institute of Science in Society: Horizontal Gene Transfer – The Hidden Hazards of Genetic Engineering – ARCHIVE [relevant to what is happening in the GMO world]

• “Horizontal transfer of transgenic DNA has the potential, among other things, to create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases and spread drug and antibiotic resistance genes among pathogens. There is an urgent need to establish effective regulatory oversight to prevent the escape and release of these dangerous constructs into the environment, and to consider whether some of the most dangerous experiments should be allowed to continue at all.”
• Open Letter from World Scientists to All Governments Concerning Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) – ARCHIVE (started Feb 1999) List of signatories by 2002 – HERE, [sounds similar to what is occurring with Climate scientists]

2000

December 25, 2000 – Grain magazine: EAT UP YOUR VACCINES – second generation of transgenic crops- READ, ARCHIVE

• “Unlike the first generation, which supposedly delivered benefits for the producer, the second generation crops will – we are promised – be designed with the consumer in mind.” functional foods!

September 2020 – Scientific America: Edible Vaccines – PDF

• “antigens delivered in plant foods survive the trip through the stomach well enough to reach and activate the immune system”

September 3, 2000 [?]: Institute of Science in Society (ISIS) Report for the Third World Network: Unregulated Hazards ‘Naked’ and ‘Free’ Nucleic Acids by Traavik et al – ARCHIVE, referenced – HERE

• “A huge variety of naked/free nucleic acids are being produced in the laboratory and released unregulated into the environment. They are used as research tools, in industrial productions and in medical applications such as gene therapy and vaccines.”
• “Nucleic acids are now known to persist in all environments, including the digestive system of animals.”

July 28, 2000 – Genome News Network: Seeds of a New Medicine – Genes, plants, and edible vaccines – ARCHIVE

• “Why edible vaccines? The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for new strategies to deliver vaccines.”
• “Incredible Edible Vaccines” – The banana is targeted because kids love bananas! – PDF

April 2000 – Nature Biotechnology: Edible vaccine success – Savoie – READ, CREDIT

• “ProdiGene (College Station, TX) announced in February that its patented edible vaccine confers protection against the common transmissible gastrointestinal virus in pigs.
• The vaccine, produced from maize genetically modified to express antigens of the virus, is the first of its kind to demonstrate efficacy against a viral pathogen in animal trials and is expected to be commercially available for pigs in two to three years after going through the same US Department of Agriculture approval processes as traditional vaccines.

1999

1999 – Third World Network: Environmental Effects of Genetically Engineered Vaccines? – Traavik – ARCHIVE, referenced – HERE

• “Genetically engineered plants produce “edible vaccines“. Little is known about the consequences of releasing such plants into the environment, but there are examples of transgenic plants that seriously alter their biological environment. A number of unpredicted and unwanted incidents have already taken place with genetically engineered plants.”
• For more bullet points visit my substack – HERE

March 15, 1999 – Virology: Induction of a Protective Antibody Response to Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Mice Following Oral or Parenteral Immunization with Alfalfa Transgenic Plants Expressing the Viral Structural Protein VP1 – Wigdorovitz et al – READ, CREDIT

1999 – Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) at Cornell University – Clinical trial of an edible vaccine – Potatoes containing the Norwalk virus (which causes vomiting and diarrhoea) fed to volunteers elicited an immune response in 19 out of 20 subjects. BTI researchers are attempting to engineer vaccines into bananas and have produced powdered tomatoes that carry Norwalk virus DNA.” Grant from Rockefeller Foundation grant – $58,000 for three years – to collaborate with Mexican researchers at the Mexican health agency, CINESTAV. – REF

1998

October 1, 1998 – Nature Biotechnology: A plant-based cholera toxin B subunit–insulin fusion protein protects against the development of autoimmune diabetes – Arakawa et al – READ, CREDIT

May 1, 1998 – Nature Medicine: Immunogenicity in humans of a recombinant bacterial antigen delivered in a transgenic potato – Tacket, Arntzen et al – READ, CREDIT

1997

1997 – “The first human clinical trial of an edible vaccine took place in 1997, when volunteers ate raw potatoes genetically engineered against diarrhoea-causing E coli. Ten of the 11 volunteers who received the vaccine had fourfold rises in serum antibodies.” – REF

1995

May 5, 1995 – Science: Oral Immunization with a Recombinant Bacterial Antigen Produced in Transgenic Plants – Arntzen et al – READ, CREDIT

• By 1995 researchers …had established that plants could indeed manufacture foreign antigens in their proper conformations – REF

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